海洋增强型监测物联网组网方案研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 04:25

本文选题：海洋环境监测　切入点：组网方案　出处：《上海海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国大陆海域辽阔，包含着丰富的能源和资源，由于陆地资源的逐渐减少，海洋资源在人类的生活中的重要性呈现出日趋上升的趋势。但是，随着人类对海洋的探索的深入和生活垃圾的任意排放，导致海洋灾害、海洋生态等各种海洋污染问题严重，加强海洋环境保护刻不容缓。2013年7月30日，习近平在中共中央政治局第八次集体学习时明确提到，要更深入的关心、认识和经略海洋，推动海洋强国建设[1]。如何实现对海洋资源的合理有效的开发和利用，是关系到发展海洋经济和我国经济的可持续发展的大问题。对海洋环境的良好的认知是保护海洋环境和开发海洋资源的前提，而海洋环境监测是认知海洋的最重要的手段。所以，要更好的研究和大力发展海洋环境监测技术，为了更好的推进海洋环境的高效管理、防灾减灾、资源保护、海上军事、作业等活动，为它们提供良好的技术支撑作用和信息平台。自从1991年美国麻省理工学院首次提出物联网概念以来，这项技术已经发展成为继计算机和互联网之后全球信息产业发展的新一代信息技术，被称为第三次浪潮。将物联网技术应用到海洋环境领域，实现海洋增强型监测物联网是大势所需。ZigBee协议由IEEE802.15.4工作小组和ZigBee Alliance合作研究和制定，该无线通信技术作为物联网关键技术之一，具有低功耗、低成本、低复杂度、高可靠性的特点，能很好的满足无线传感器对于低成本、低功耗、高容错性的要求，，是无线传感器网络实现自组网的不二之选，加之可嵌入到电子设备中，支持地理定位，尤其适用于海洋环境监控领域。海洋监测系统通过采用岸站监测中心、卫星遥感和海洋浮标、监测船等监测手段于一体，借助于部署在实际检测海域的各种传感器、浮标等无线监测节点，完成对温湿度、盐度、深度、洋流、叶绿素、浊度等海洋参数进行采集。由于无线监测节点一般采用锂电池供电，且部署在环境恶劣的海洋环境中，即使大型浮标采用电池与太阳能相结合的供电方式，电池充放电循环次数达到一定值后，其容量也会越来越小，减少到初始值的80%就基本不工作了，一旦电池能量耗尽或者不再工作，人工充电或者更换电池成本大、操作复杂，因此，在海洋环境监测系统中，必须确保整个系统的可靠性和稳定性，通过节能策略可以有效的延长网络的使用寿命。设计和优化MAC（介质访问控制）协议、路由协议，可以提高无线通信的效率，降低网络能量的消耗；数据融合的目的是去掉冗余，只保留有用的信息，可以有效的降低网络负载，必须要综合考虑通信代价和数据融合代价，使两者达到平衡，才能降低网络总能耗；拓扑控制的作用是保证网络的连通质量和覆盖质量，提高路由协议效率，同时兼顾网络简单性、可靠性、可扩展性等性能，对网络进行优化；休眠机制让传感器节点周期性的工作与休眠，是节点能量管理的重要手段。本文围绕海洋环境监控系统重点研究无线传感网的智能组网方案。文章借助于NS2仿真平台，建立了ZigBee节点的模型，分析了网络的ZBR算法和组网流程，动画模拟了网络的组网过程，通过仿真实验探索和总结了不同拓扑结构在不同的激活各个节点的时间间隔下完成网络的建立所需时间的规律，最后结合软硬件的设计，完成了小型无线传感网实验，实验结果证明了前面所得规律的科学性。在实际应用中，可以将节点部署成多个星型拓扑结构，设置好依次上电激活不同节点的时间，可以有效减少组网过程中的信标冲突，降低建立网络所用时间，从而减少网络能耗，延长网络使用寿命。
[Abstract]:Mainland China's vast sea, contains abundant energy and resources, the land resources gradually reduced the importance of marine resources in human life showed a rising trend. However, with any emissions of human exploration of the ocean depth and garbage, resulting in marine disasters, marine ecological and other marine pollution the problem is serious, strengthen the protection of the marine environment is.2013 in July 30th, Xi Jinping, the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau of the eighth collective study explicitly mentioned, more in-depth understanding of concern, and the ocean, promote the construction of marine power [1]. how to achieve a reasonable and effective exploitation and utilization of marine resources, is related to the development of marine economy and sustainable development China's economy a big problem.
The marine environment good cognition is the premise to protect the marine environment and marine resources development, marine environment monitoring is the most important means of cognition of the oceans. Therefore, to better research and develop marine environmental monitoring technology for high efficiency management, to better promote the marine environment disaster prevention and mitigation, resources protection, maritime military work, and other activities, to provide good technical support and information platform for them. Since 1991, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology first proposed the concept of things, this technology has become a new generation of information technology after computer and internet global information industry development, known as the third wave of the Internet of things technology applied to marine environment, marine enhanced monitoring networking is the trend of the.ZigBee protocol by IEEE802.15.4 working group and ZigBee Alliance research and business cooperation The wireless communication technology, as one of the key technologies of IOT, with low power consumption, low cost, low complexity, high reliability, can well meet the needs of wireless sensor for low cost, low power consumption, high fault tolerance requirements is achieved since the network of choice for wireless sensor networks, and embedded electronic equipment, support geographic positioning, especially suitable for the field of marine environmental monitoring.
Marine monitoring system through the use of shore station monitoring center, satellite remote sensing and monitoring of ocean buoy, ship monitoring means in one, with the help of a variety of sensors deployed in the actual detection area, buoy wireless monitoring node, the completion of the temperature and humidity, salinity, depth, water, chlorophyll, turbidity and other parameters were collected. Because of the ocean the general wireless monitoring node is powered by a lithium battery, and deployed in the harsh environment of the marine environment, power supply even large buoy by battery and solar energy combined with the battery charge and discharge cycles reaches a certain value, its capacity will be more and more small, reduced to the initial value of 80% would not work, once the battery energy depletion or no longer work, the artificial recharge or replace the battery cost, the operation is complex, therefore, in the marine environment monitoring system, to ensure the reliability and stability of the system, through the Such strategies can effectively prolong the lifetime of the network. The design and optimization of MAC (medium access control) protocol, routing protocol, can improve the efficiency of wireless communication, reduce network energy consumption; data fusion is to remove redundant, only useful information, can effectively reduce the network load, must be integrated into the communication cost and cost of data fusion, to achieve balance between, in order to reduce the total energy consumption of the network; topology control is to ensure the quality of network connectivity and coverage quality, improve the efficiency of routing protocols, taking into account the network reliability, simplicity, scalability and performance, to optimize the network; dormancy mechanism let sensor nodes periodically work and sleep, is an important means of energy management.
In this paper, the intelligent network scheme on marine environment monitoring system of wireless sensor networks. Based on the simulation platform of NS2, a ZigBee node model, network analysis of ZBR algorithm and networking process, animation networking process of the network, through the simulation experiment to explore and summarize the different topology of complete network set up time the law in the different activation intervals of each node, and then the design of hardware and software, completed a small wireless sensor network experiment, experimental results show that the science of law. In the practical application, nodes can be deployed into a plurality of star topology is set up on the electrical activation of different order node time, can effectively reduce the network beacon collision process, reduce the time required by the network, so as to reduce the network energy consumption, prolong the network lifetime.

【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP391.44

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