小型化超宽带MIMO天线的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-04-11 18:59

本文选题：小型化 + 超宽带　；参考：《电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着无线通信的迅猛发展,人们对通信容量及可靠性的需求越来越高。超宽带(Ultra Wideband;UWB)技术因其具有频谱资源丰富、传输速率快以及抗干扰性能强等诸多优点,在无线通信当中拥有不可估量的研究价值。然而超宽带技术因其输出功率被限制在一个很低的范围,其传输距离很近,很难实现远距离传输。多输入多输出(Multiple Input Multiple Output;MIMO)技术具有抗多径衰落能力,能够获得分集增益有效地提高接收端的信噪比。将UWB技术与MIMO技术结合,利用空间多径性,多路信号并行传输,获得明显的复用增益与分集增益,有希望实现信号远距离稳定传输。天线作为任何无线接收机和发射机当中必不可少的元器件,一直深受广大研究者的热爱。而超宽带MIMO天线小型化、高隔离度的实现更是现如今的研究焦点。同时,由于美国联邦通信委员会(The Federal Communication Commission;FCC)于2002年2月公开的商用超宽带频段为3.1-10.6GHz,此频段与其他系统的工作频段有部分重叠,为了避免其对超宽带系统的干扰,需要滤除这些频段的信号,如目前较成熟的全球微波互联(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access;WiMAX)系统和无线局域网络(Wireless Local Area Networks;WLAN)系统,但是在小型化超宽带MIMO天线上实现效果优良的阻带,这方面的研究十分缺乏,因此具有阻带特性的超宽带MIMO天线亟需研究。本文主要是基于超宽带MIMO天线的研究,所完成的工作有以下方面:(1)对UWB技术和MIMO技术的发展历程做了简单介绍,并简要分析了它们具有的优势;阐述了MIMO天线的发展历程;简单介绍了超宽带MIMO天线的基本参数;并对天线设计的数值方作了概括;分析了MIMO技术的分集方式。(2)总结了应用比较广泛的天线小型化技术。设计并分析了一款具有蓝牙及超宽带特性的双极化MIMO天线,采用了四分之一圆环接地面,延长了电流的有效路径,拓宽了天线工作频段,天线工作频率为2.3-12.5 GHz,覆盖了蓝牙频段和超宽带频段,同时引入了叉形支节,有效地提高了端口隔离度,端口隔离度大于15 dB。对辐射方向图进行了研究,两端口辐射方向图成正交分布,从而天线能同时辐射垂直极化波和水平极化波;另外基于MIMO技术中的角度分集方式,设计了一款角度分集的超宽带MIMO天线,天线采用从天线背部激励,微带馈电的方式,能灵活调节端口匹配,缩小天线尺寸,天线工作在3.1-10.6 GHz的频率范围内,端口隔离度大于15 dB。(3)总结了天线阻带技术,设计了两款具有阻带特性的超宽带MIMO天线。一款具有WLAN阻带特性的超宽带MIMO天线,天线利用矩形SRR结构获得WLAN阻带特性,天线工作频率覆盖了2.5-12 GHz,在5.1-6 GHz频段处具有良好的阻带特性,同时端口隔离度大于15 dB。另一款具有双阻带特性的超宽带MIMO天线,在天线辐射贴片上引入了两个半径不同的圆环SRR结构,分别实现了WiMAX频段和WLAN频段的阻带,该天线能工作在2.2-12 GHz频段,并在3.2-3.65 GHz和5.2-6 GHz的频段处产生阻带,端口隔离度大于15 dB。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of wireless communication, people demand for communication capacity and reliability of the increasingly high. Ultra wideband (Ultra Wideband; UWB) technology because of its rich spectrum resources, the advantages of fast transmission speed and strong anti-jamming performance, have research value immeasurable in wireless communication. However, because of the ultra wideband technology the output power is limited to a very low range, the transmission distance is very near, it is difficult to achieve long-distance transmission. Multiple input multiple output (Multiple Input Multiple Output; MIMO) technology has the advantages of anti multipath fading, diversity gain can be effectively improve the SNR of the receiver. The combination of UWB technology and MIMO technology, the use of space multipath, parallel transmission of multiple signals, obtained obvious multiplexing gain and diversity gain, to achieve a stable signal transmission distance. Antenna as any wireless receiver and transmitter Among the essential components of love, has been well received by the researchers. The ultra wideband MIMO antenna to achieve miniaturization, high isolation is the focus of research nowadays. At the same time, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (The Federal Communication Commission; FCC) on February 2002 public commercial ultra wideband frequency of 3.1-10.6GHz, the band and the other system operating frequency overlap, in order to avoid the interference of UWB system, signal filtering of these bands, such as mature world Interoperability for microwave (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave at Access; WiMAX) system and wireless local area network (Wireless Local Area Networks; WLAN), but in the miniaturized ultra wideband MIMO the antenna to achieve the effect of excellent stopband, is the lack of research in this area, it is ultra wideband MIMO antenna to stopband. The This paper mainly studies the ultra wideband MIMO antenna based on the work done by the following aspects: (1) the development of UWB technology and MIMO technology are introduced briefly, and analyzes their advantages; expounds the development process of MIMO antenna; introduces the ultra wide band antenna MIMO basic parameters in the antenna design; numerical analysis and summarized; the diversity of MIMO technology. (2) summarizes the miniaturization of antenna technology is widely used. Design and analysis of dual polarization MIMO antenna with a Bluetooth and ultra wideband characteristics, the 1/4 ring ground, extend the effective current path the widening the antenna frequency, operating frequency of the antenna is 2.3-12.5 GHz, covering the Bluetooth frequency band and ultra wideband, while the introduction of the forked branch section, effectively improve the port isolation, port isolation is greater than 15 dB. of radiation The research of map, two port radiation pattern into orthogonal distribution, which can simultaneously antenna radiation of vertical and horizontal polarization wave; the other MIMO technology based on the angle of diversity, the ultra wideband MIMO antenna with a diversity antenna design angle, using the back of the drive from the antenna, the microstrip feed way, can the flexible adjustment of port matching, reduce the size of the antenna antenna operating in the frequency range 3.1-10.6 GHz, port isolation is greater than 15 dB. (3) summarizes the stopband antenna technology, has designed two kinds of ultra wideband MIMO antenna stopband. An ultra wideband MIMO antenna WLAN stopband, using antenna the structure of SRR WLAN rectangular stopband characteristics, operating frequency of the antenna covers 2.5-12 GHz, has good stopband characteristic in the 5.1-6 GHz band, and the port isolation is greater than 15 dB. with another ultra wideband MIM dual stopband The O antenna has introduced two SRR structures with different radii on the antenna patch. It has achieved WiMAX band and WLAN band stopband respectively. The antenna can work in the 2.2-12 GHz band, and produce stopband at the frequency band of 3.2-3.65 GHz and 5.2-6 GHz, and the port isolation is more than 15 dB..

【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN919.3;TN820

【参考文献】