无线传感器网络无环路能量均衡路由算法的研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 15:16

本文选题：能量均衡 + 无环路　；参考：《电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSNs)作为一种新兴的、将改变人类与物理世界交互的新技术,在民用和军事方面已经有了非常广泛的应用,如环境监测、交通运输监控、战场态势感知、公共安全和智能家居等。尤其随着物联网的产业化,进一步推动着WSNs的规模化和商业化。WSNs也有着自身的缺点,其中能量受限是最大的制约条件,所以在WSNs设计中,能量是优先考虑的因素,如何节省单个节点的能量消耗、均衡整个网络能量消耗速率、最大化网络生存时间是WSNs研究的重点。其中网络层的路由策略对WSNs的生命周期有着重要影响,设计出能量高效的路由协议已经成为国内外各个领域的关注焦点和研究热点,也同样是本文研究的重点。本文的主要研究内容包括:(1)分析WSNs的研究现状,明确该领域所涉及到的研究热点、需要改进的地方、难点和尚未解决的问题,确定本文所研究的方案的现实意义,并对该方案的发展前景和应用效果进行了大胆的预测和展望。(2)研究现有能量有效性路由算法对WSNs性能影响,分析总结它们各自的优势和缺点。前人提出的一些能量有效性路由算法,如Mini-Hops、LEACH、PEGASIS、TEEN、HEED等算法,在网络能量效率等方面都有良好的表现,但基于这些路由协议,会使得网络中各个节点负载差异大,从而导致能量消耗不均衡,因此需要设计出能够保持全局网络能量均衡消耗的路由算法,以满足应用需求。(3)讨论现有的能量均衡路由算法,如EBRP、MAP、AEAP等算法,在此基础上提出一种新的能量均衡路由算法——无环路能量均衡路由算法(A Hybrid Energy Balanced Loop-Free Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks,HEBR)。该算法通过构建深度维度场、剩余能量维度场、能量密度维度场,在各个维度场的综合作用下选择下一跳传输节点,深度维度场将下一跳数据转发节点限制在父节点和兄弟节点之间,剩余能量维度场有效保护能量较低的节点,能量密度维度场用来驱使数据包总是向着能量密度大的区域传送,可以有效实现网络节点负载平衡、整网能源消耗均衡、网络运行时间延长。同时设计了一种路由环路消除和冗余跳数减少的机制,可以确保在路由选择过程中不会出现路由环路的情况,从而减少传输时延、避免不必要的能量消耗、提高传输可靠性。(4)在MATLAB平台下,进行仿真实验,分析仿真结果,进行性能评价。与Mini-hops、EBRP算法相比,我们提出的HEBR算法在网络寿命、能量均衡性、传输时延等方面有更好的性能表现,其中与Mini-hops算法相比,HEBR算法的网络寿命延长了68.72%,解决了Mini-hops算法中“能量洞”的问题;传输一个数据包EBRP算法平均需要约9.1跳,而HEBR算法仅需要6.5跳,解决了EBRP算法中的路由环路和冗余跳数的问题。
[Abstract]:Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), as a new technology that will change the interaction between human beings and the physical world, has been widely used in civil and military fields, such as environmental monitoring, transportation monitoring, battlefield situational awareness.Public safety and smart home, etc.Especially with the industrialization of the Internet of things, the scale and commercialization of WSNs. WSNs also have their own shortcomings, among which energy limitation is the biggest constraint, so in the design of WSNs, energy is the priority factor.How to save the energy consumption of a single node, balance the energy consumption rate of the whole network, and maximize the network lifetime is the focus of WSNs research.The routing strategy of the network layer has an important impact on the life cycle of WSNs. The design of energy-efficient routing protocols has become the focus of attention and research in various fields at home and abroad, and also the focus of this paper.The main research contents of this paper include: (1) analyzing the current research situation of WSNs, making clear the research hotspot, improving place, difficult point and unsolved problem in this field, and determining the practical significance of the scheme studied in this paper.The development prospect and application effect of this scheme are predicted and forecasted. (2) the influence of the existing energy efficient routing algorithms on the performance of WSNs is studied, and their respective advantages and disadvantages are analyzed and summarized.Some energy efficient routing algorithms proposed by others, such as Mini-HopsLEACHPEGASISTERTEENHEED algorithm, have good performance in network energy efficiency, but based on these routing protocols, the load of each node in the network will vary greatly.Therefore, it is necessary to design a routing algorithm that can maintain the global network energy balance consumption to meet the application requirements. (3) discuss the existing energy balance routing algorithms, such as EBRPU MAPAEAP, etc.On this basis, a new energy equalization routing algorithm, A Hybrid Energy Balanced Loop-Free Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor networks, is proposed.By constructing depth dimension field, residual energy dimension field and energy density dimension field, the algorithm selects the next hop transmission node under the comprehensive action of each dimension field.The depth dimension field limits the next hop data forwarding node between the parent node and the sibling node. The remaining energy dimension field effectively protects the lower energy nodes, and the energy density dimension field is used to drive the packet to the region with high energy density.It can effectively balance the load of network nodes, balance the energy consumption of the whole network, and prolong the network running time.At the same time, a mechanism is designed to eliminate the routing loop and reduce the number of redundant hops, which can ensure that the routing loop will not occur in the course of routing, thus reducing the transmission delay and avoiding unnecessary energy consumption.Improving the transmission reliability. (4) on the MATLAB platform, the simulation experiments are carried out, the simulation results are analyzed, and the performance evaluation is carried out.Compared with the Mini-hops HEBR algorithm, the proposed HEBR algorithm has better performance in network lifetime, energy balance, transmission delay, etc.Compared with the Mini-hops algorithm, the network life of the Mini-hops algorithm is extended by 68.72, which solves the problem of "energy hole" in the Mini-hops algorithm. The average EBRP algorithm needs about 9.1 hops to transmit a packet, while the HEBR algorithm only needs 6.5 hops.The problem of routing loop and redundant hops in EBRP algorithm is solved.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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