面向环境监测的无线传感器汇聚网络路由研究及节点设计

发布时间：2018-04-15 15:54

本文选题：WSN + 汇聚节点　；参考：《电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着微电子与通信技术的快速发展,无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)近些年也得到了迅速的普及,逐渐走进人们的视野中。从最早军事中的应用,到近些年来在智能家居、医疗护理、环境监测等领域,无线传感器网络都有非常广阔的应用需求,是人们目前最为关注的通信技术之一。山地环境监测预警系统是无线传感器网络目前应用最为广泛的场景之一,对目标区域进行监测和数据分析,对可能的灾害做出预警,可以很大程度减少人身和财产损失。但因其系统多部署在野外,所面临的环境极其复杂恶劣,整个系统可靠性的也面临着严峻的挑战。本文以山地环境监测预警系统为基础,关注于无线传感器汇聚网络的汇聚节点配置、路由优化,节点原型设计等研究。论文首先介绍了无线传感器网络的研究背景,以及其当前在环境监测系统中应用和研究现状,并且对山地环境监测系统的拓扑模型和网络架构进行简单的概述。并对无线传感器网络中路由技术的研究现状做了总结,说明了无线传感器网络路由的设计需求,以及无线传感器网络的主要分类。其次,提出了一种基于重要度的汇聚节点位置优选算法和一种异构多中心网络的抗毁性评估方法。传统位置优选方法没有将节点的重要度和实际节点间的连通性考虑在内,本算法将节点重要度与实际节点间的连通性都纳入考量,采用求解平衡点的方式,优化了汇聚节点位置的选取。继而,进一步提出了创新算法将平衡点方法的计算复杂度有效降低。并且论文中给出了对异构多中心网络抗毁性评价方法,用于位置优选算法进行量化评估。然后,设计了一种基于多叉平衡树的自适应路由协议,该协议侧重于网络抗毁性的提升。该协议包括基于服务容限的子节点接入控制机制和基于负载系数的父节点重新选择机制。最后,设计并实现了一种面向环境监测的无线传感器网络汇聚节点的原型。详细说明了该汇聚节点原型的核心系统与硬件平台的选型,外围设备的选型与接口设计,协议流程与系统软件实现以及封装等工作。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of microelectronics and communication technology, Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs) has been popularized rapidly in recent years.From the earliest military applications to the recent years in the smart home, medical care, environmental monitoring and other fields, wireless sensor networks have a very broad application needs, is one of the most concerned communications technology.Mountain environment monitoring and early warning system is one of the most widely used scenarios in wireless sensor networks. Monitoring and data analysis of target areas and early warning of possible disasters can greatly reduce the loss of life and property.However, because its system is mostly deployed in the field, the environment is extremely complex and harsh, and the reliability of the whole system is also facing a severe challenge.Based on the mountain environment monitoring and early warning system, this paper focuses on the cluster node configuration, routing optimization and node prototype design of wireless sensor convergence network.Firstly, this paper introduces the research background of wireless sensor network, its application and research status in environmental monitoring system, and gives a brief overview of the topology model and network architecture of mountain environment monitoring system.The research status of routing technology in wireless sensor networks is summarized, the design requirements of routing in wireless sensor networks and the main categories of wireless sensor networks are explained.Secondly, an algorithm for location optimization of convergence nodes based on importance and a method for evaluating the survivability of heterogeneous multi-center networks are proposed.The traditional location optimization method does not take into account the importance of nodes and the connectivity between actual nodes. In this algorithm, both the importance of nodes and the connectivity of actual nodes are taken into account, and the equilibrium point is solved.The location of the convergent node is optimized.Then, an innovative algorithm is proposed to effectively reduce the computational complexity of the equilibrium point method.A method for evaluating the invulnerability of heterogeneous multi-center network is presented in this paper, which is used to evaluate the location optimization algorithm quantitatively.Then, an adaptive routing protocol based on multitree is designed, which focuses on the improvement of network survivability.The protocol includes a child node access control mechanism based on service tolerance and a parent node reselection mechanism based on load coefficient.Finally, a prototype of wireless sensor network convergence node for environmental monitoring is designed and implemented.The selection of the core system and hardware platform, the selection and interface design of peripheral equipment, the implementation of protocol flow and system software, and the encapsulation of the prototype are described in detail.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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