轨道交通场景电波传播建模理论与方法研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 22:23

  本文选题：轨道交通 + 电波传播建模　； 参考：《北京交通大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：作为全球公认的低能耗、少污染的“绿色交通”,轨道交通被世界各国普遍认为是改善国家和城市公共交通状况、解决交通问题的重要出路。从区域间的轨道交通来看,今天的中国已经成为了世界高速铁路建设里程最长的国家。近年来,中国开启了“高铁外交”的进程,将高速铁路的发展提升到了国家战略的高度。从区域内的城市轨道交通(地铁和轻轨)来看,国家将城市轨道交通作为城市基础设施建设领域的投资重点,使之成为实施国家战略和改善大城市交通问题的重要举措。 在轨道交通场景中的移动通信系统可以分为两类,一类是面向列车控制与安全的专用移动通信系统,一类是面向旅客信息服务的公共移动通信系统。轨道交通场景的特殊结构对这两类移动通信系统在沿线的设计和网络规划带来了重重挑战。所以,作为移动通信系统设计、规划以及部署的重要基础,轨道交通场景的电波传播预测建模一直是工程电磁场理论的研究重点之一。尽管经过大量学者的努力,在过去数十年间人们对轨道交通电波传播领域的认识有了长足进步,但是现有研究仍然存在下述局限： 1)从建模理论和方法上看,目前常用的电波传播经验性模型和半确定性模型并不能反映轨道交通场景的主要特点。确定性模型只用于对信道的定性解释,无法有效服务于网络规划。 2)从所研究的空间上看,现有研究尚缺乏模型将现实中广泛存在的横跨桥、车站等半封闭空间有效地纳入到通信系统的网络规划和系统设计中,这对应用于轨道交通场景的通信系统的可靠性造成了影响。 3)从对传播机制的认识上说,既有研究对隧道中的电波传播机制以及各机制所在的区域、各区域之间的分界点的认识不够清晰统一,缺乏能够涵盖隧道中电波传播全过程的完整模型。 针对上述问题,本文对轨道交通场景的电波传播建模理论和方法进行综合性的研究。从磁波能量约束的角度,本文将轨道交通的电波传播空间分为开放空间、半封闭空间和限定空间三大类以分别进行研究。主要工作如下： 1)针对开放空间,研究了面向真实轨道交通户外场景的电波传播确定性建模理论和方法。为各类通信系统在轨道交通场景的设计提供了高准确性的电波传播预测模型。此外,研究了适用于轨道交通典型场景——路堑和高架桥场景的包含了经验性建模的电波传播半确定性建模理论与方法。为轨道交通的快速网络规划提供了基于完全开源的数据库、计算快捷的有效方法。 2)针对半封闭空间,对轨道交通场景中典型的半封闭空间—横跨桥和车站对电波传播的影响进行了测量,并在此基础上进行了经验性建模。通过实测证明了该模型可以有效地将这两类半封闭空间纳入到电波传播的预测中去。 3)针对限定空间,提出了隧道中电波传播的完整模型架构,对“基于分段”的建模思想进行了整合和拓展,有助于形成对隧道中电波传播过程的整体性认识。相应地,所提出的混合模型为不同类型的用户在各种隧道中的通信系统网络规划提供了快速而准确的电波传播预测工具。 4)针对无线电波在隧道中传播的最初阶段,本文对自由空间传播机制和多模态传播机制之间的分界点位置进行了准确的解析建模。提出了任意横截面隧道中该分界点位置的普适模型,明确了隧道中近场区的电波传播机制。 综上所述,本文对轨道交通场景的电波传播建模理论及方法进行了研究：在应用层面为通信系统在轨道交通场景中的设计提供了电波传播预测工具；在方法论层面为不同场景中的电波传播建模提供了可移植和转化的方法：在认识论层面为不同空间的电波传播研究提供了值得借鉴的理论策略。
[Abstract]:As a globally recognized low energy consumption, less pollution of the "green transportation", rail transportation is generally considered by the world to be improved national and city public transport, an important way to solve the traffic problems. From the regional rail transit, the China today has become the world's longest high-speed railway construction in the country. To Chinese opened high-speed rail diplomacy process, the development of high-speed railway to enhance the national strategic height. From the city rail transit area (subway and rail), the state will city rail transportation as the city infrastructure investment focus, has become an important measure to implement the national strategy and to improve the traffic problem in big city.
The mobile communication system in rail traffic scenes can be divided into two categories, one is the special mobile communication system for train control and safety, is a public mobile communication system for passenger information service. The special structure of rail traffic scene of the two kind of mobile communication system has brought many challenges in the design of the network planning and design. So, as a mobile communication system, an important basis for planning and deployment, propagation prediction modeling of rail traffic scene has been one of the key research project of electromagnetic field theory. Although scholars through a lot of efforts in the past few decades, people's awareness of the rail traffic propagation field has made great progress, but the existing research still has the following limitations:
1) from the modeling theory and method, the commonly used radio propagation empirical models and semi deterministic models can not reflect the main characteristics of rail traffic scenarios. Deterministic models are only used for qualitative interpretation of the channel, and can not effectively serve the network planning.
2) from the perspective of space, the existing research lacks a model across the bridge exists widely in reality, the semi closed space effectively into the design of network planning system and communication system, the reliability of communication system used in rail traffic scenes made into effect.
3) from the understanding of the communication mechanism, we have not yet studied the mechanism of radio propagation in the tunnel, and the understanding of the boundaries between the regions, and the complete models of the whole process of radio wave propagation in tunnels.
Aiming at the above problems, the radio propagation modeling theory and method of track traffic scene of comprehensive research. From the magnetic wave energy constraints, the propagation space of rail transportation is divided into open space, semi closed space and limited space in three categories were studied. The main work is as follows:
1) according to the open space, on the propagation of deterministic modeling theory and method for real traffic scenes. Outdoor radio propagation provides high accuracy forecasting model for the design of rail traffic scene in all kinds of communication systems. In addition, the research for typical scenes and Viaduct Rail Transit -- cutting scene contains the empirical modeling the radio wave propagation theory and method of semi deterministic modeling for rapid rail transit network planning provides a complete open-source database based on the effective method of quick calculation.
2) in a semi closed space, across the bridge and the station of semi closed space - typical rail traffic scenes on the propagation of electromagnetic wave was measured, and based on the empirical modeling. Through the test show that the model can effectively integrate the two semi closed space into the prediction of radio wave propagation in the.
3) in limited space, propose a complete model of wave propagation in tunnel, the "modeling section" based on the integration and development, contribute to the overall understanding of the formation of wave propagation in tunnels. Accordingly, in various tunnel communication system network planning for the proposed hybrid model different types of users with a fast and accurate propagation prediction tools.
4) in the initial stage of radio wave propagation in tunnels, the demarcation point between the position of the free space propagation mechanism and multimodal communication mechanism are proposed. The accurate analytical modeling of the critical point position of arbitrary cross section tunnel in the universal model, the tunnel near field wave propagation mechanism.
In summary, radio propagation modeling theory and method based on rail traffic scene are analyzed: at the application level for the design of rail transportation in the scene communication system provides radio propagation prediction tools; at the level of methodology for modeling wave propagation in different scenarios for transplant and transformation method: in the study of wave propagation the epistemological level for different space provides a theoretical strategy worthy of reference.

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.5
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本文编号：1760843