一种面向结构健康监测的无线传感器网络节点设计与研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 09:17

本文选题：结构健康监测 + 无线传感器网络　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着无线通信技术、传感技术和微机电系统技术的发展，无线传感器网络被引入到结构健康监测中，因其能够克服有线传感器网络布线量大、成本高等不足而得到快速发展。纵观无线传感器节点及网络系统在结构健康监测领域的研究现状，硬件和软件都不断推陈出新，本文选用了先进的微电子元件，集成开发了一种新型的无线传感器网络节点，，基于AVR Studio软件平台进行了程序开发，组建成完整的无线传感器网络系统，并通过结构动力测试对其综合性能进行了评估，实验表明本文开发的无线传感器网络在结构健康监测上具有良好的应用前景。本文主要研究工作和成果如下：集成了一种新型的无线传感器网络节点和基站。节点由微处理器单元、无线通信单元、数据采集单元和能量单元组成，可测量土木工程结构健康监测常用物理量加速度和应变，并在电子工程师协助下完成了外围电路和扩展接口设计。对数据采集单元的各传感器进行了标定和测试。温度采集模块进行了温度对比测试，加速度采集模块和应变采集模块分别进行了静态标定、静态重复性测试和动态对比测试。通过测试的误差分析和频率识别分析，验证了无线传感器节点数据采集的有效性和可靠性。开发了完整的无线传感器网络程序，建立了由网内节点和网络基站组成的无线传感器网络。软件以AVR Studio软件和BitCloud堆栈为开发平台，选定分层网络拓扑结构和无线传感器网络分层协议，完成了无线传感器节点数据采集程序、时间同步程序、基站串口通信程序以及无线网络通信程序的设计。将开发的无线传感器网络系统应用于结构振动试验，根据试验数据提取结构模态参数，结果与有限元模型、有线测试系统获得的参数一致性较好，表明了本系统数据采集的可靠性，同时验证了无线传感器网络通信的稳定性，说明了本系统在结构健康监测应用上的可行性和有效性。
[Abstract]:With the development of wireless communication technology, sensor technology and MEMS technology, wireless sensor network has been introduced into structural health monitoring, which can overcome the shortcomings of wired sensor network, such as large wiring and high cost.According to the research status of wireless sensor nodes and network systems in the field of structural health monitoring, the hardware and software are constantly emerging. In this paper, advanced microelectronic components are selected and a new wireless sensor network node is integrated and developed.Based on AVR Studio software platform, a complete wireless sensor network system is developed, and its comprehensive performance is evaluated by structural dynamic test.Experiments show that the wireless sensor network developed in this paper has a good application prospect in structural health monitoring.The main work and results of this paper are as follows:A new wireless sensor network node and base station are integrated.The node consists of a microprocessor unit, a wireless communication unit, a data acquisition unit and an energy unit, which can measure the acceleration and strain of common physical quantities used in the health monitoring of civil engineering structures.The peripheral circuit and extended interface are designed with the help of electronic engineer.The sensors of the data acquisition unit are calibrated and tested.The temperature acquisition module carries on the temperature contrast test, the acceleration acquisition module and the strain collection module carry on the static calibration, the static repeatability test and the dynamic contrast test respectively.The validity and reliability of wireless sensor node data acquisition are verified by error analysis and frequency identification analysis.A complete wireless sensor network program is developed and a wireless sensor network composed of nodes and base stations in the network is established.The software takes AVR Studio software and BitCloud stack as the development platform, selects the hierarchical network topology and the wireless sensor network layered protocol, completes the wireless sensor node data acquisition program, the time synchronization program,Base station serial communication program and wireless network communication program design.The developed wireless sensor network system is applied to the structural vibration test. The modal parameters of the structure are extracted from the test data. The results are in good agreement with the finite element model, and the parameters obtained by the wired test system are in good agreement.The reliability of the system is demonstrated, and the stability of wireless sensor network communication is verified. The feasibility and effectiveness of the system in the application of structural health monitoring are illustrated.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5;TU317

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