基于ZigBee技术的日光温室环境监控系统的研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 20:33

本文选题：日光温室 + ZigBee　；参考：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：日光温室是我国北方地区特有的温室类型,与传统温室类型相比,日光温室能够利用太阳光来给农作物加热并且提供光照,所以日光温室在我国北方地区被广泛应用。随着日光温室的普及以及精细农业的发展,人们开始监控日光温室内的环境,然而在监控过程中存在较多弊端。传统的人工测量的方法给工作人员带来了许多不便,这样不仅加重了工作人员的工作负担,而且还不能及时的反映日光温室内的环境情况。如果使用传统的测量仪器,不能准确的测量各个参数的数值。针对日光温室在监控方面所面临的各种问题,建立一套操作简单,精度较高,功能全面,安全性强的日光温室监控系统具有现实意义。本文所设计的日光温室监控系统,结合了Zigbee无线传感网络技术、单片机控制技术以及嵌入式组态环境开发技术,利用传感器采集温室环境数据,控制器通过Zigbee无线传输网络得到控制参数,进而控制排风扇、换气扇、水锅炉、电动遮阳帘、人工光源、二氧化碳发生器、微喷头等硬件设备的启停,从而使温度、湿度、二氧化碳浓度、光照强度等环境参数实时地满足作物的生产需求。本日光温室监控系统进行了上位机、下位机的软硬件设计。硬件设计包括感知模块、无线处理模块、继电器、控制屏的选型,供电系统电源与抗干扰的设计,搭建了温室监控系统的硬件平台。下位机软件部分主要包括对嵌入式开发系统的设计以及模糊PID算法的实现,以TinyOS为平台,利用nesC语言完成了网关、节点、CSMA/CA算法及侦听策略等控制程序的设计;在MATLAB环境下对模糊PID算法进行仿真。本系统的上位机分为两个部分:远程监控计算机和日光温室现场监控屏,分别利用MCGS通用版与嵌入版进行开发,完成了工作界面、系统设置、工作日志用户界面的设计。通过对日光温室监控系统的多次测试,实验表明:本系统可以及时准确地监测日光温室内各个环境参数的变化情况,测试结果稳定,误差均在合理误差范围内;各种控制设备也能够正常工作,并且实现了手动和自动的双重控制;上位机系统工作稳定,可供用户观看现场情况、控制硬件设备、调节系统参数和观看历史数据;无线传感器网络信号稳定,在350m以内都能正常工作。本系统能够确保农作物在日光温室内处于合理的环境下,不受外界影响,成长结果令人满意,工作安全稳定,具有现实意义。
[Abstract]:Solar greenhouse is a unique greenhouse type in northern China. Compared with the traditional greenhouse type, solar greenhouse can use solar light to heat crops and provide light, so solar greenhouse is widely used in northern China.With the popularization of solar greenhouse and the development of fine agriculture, people begin to monitor the environment in solar greenhouse. However, there are many disadvantages in the monitoring process.The traditional manual measurement method brings a lot of inconvenience to the staff, which not only increases the work burden of the staff, but also can not reflect the environmental situation in the solar greenhouse in time.If traditional measuring instruments are used, the values of each parameter can not be measured accurately.Aiming at the various problems in monitoring and control of solar greenhouse, it is of practical significance to set up a monitoring system of solar greenhouse with simple operation, high precision, comprehensive function and strong security.The solar greenhouse monitoring system designed in this paper combines Zigbee wireless sensor network technology, single-chip microcomputer control technology and embedded configuration environment development technology, using sensors to collect greenhouse environment data.The controller obtains the control parameters through the Zigbee wireless transmission network, and then controls the starting and stopping of the hardware equipment, such as exhaust fan, ventilator, water boiler, electric shade curtain, artificial light source, carbon dioxide generator, micro sprinkler head and so on, thus making the temperature, humidity, etc.The environmental parameters, such as carbon dioxide concentration and light intensity, can meet the demand of crop production in real time.This solar greenhouse monitoring system carries on the upper computer, the lower computer hardware and software design.Hardware design includes sensing module, wireless processing module, relay, control screen selection, power supply system and anti-interference design. The hardware platform of greenhouse monitoring system is built.The software of lower computer mainly includes the design of embedded development system and the realization of fuzzy PID algorithm. Based on TinyOS and nesC language, the control programs such as gateway, node CSMA / CA algorithm and listening strategy are designed.The fuzzy PID algorithm is simulated in MATLAB environment.The host computer of this system is divided into two parts: remote monitor computer and spot monitor screen of sunlight greenhouse. The design of working interface, system setting and working log user interface is completed by using MCGS general edition and embedded version respectively.Through many tests on the monitoring system of solar greenhouse, the experiment shows that the system can monitor the change of the environmental parameters in the greenhouse in time and accurately, the test results are stable and the errors are within the reasonable error range;All kinds of control equipment can also work normally and realize manual and automatic dual control. The upper computer system works stably for users to watch the scene, control hardware equipment, adjust system parameters and view historical data.Wireless sensor network signals are stable and can work normally within 350 m.The system can ensure the crops in a reasonable environment in solar greenhouse, free from external influence, the growth results are satisfactory, work safety and stability, has practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S625.3;TP277;TN92

【参考文献】