基于光子晶体光纤的谐振式陀螺关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 22:35

本文选题：谐振式光纤陀螺 + 光子晶体光纤　；参考：《哈尔滨工程大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：作为新一代的惯性传感器件,谐振腔光纤陀螺(RFOG)是利用谐振腔中相向传输光波的谐振频率偏差正比于角速度的原理,实现对旋转角速度的测量。相比于较为成熟的干涉式光纤陀螺,谐振式光纤陀螺所需光纤长度仅为干涉式光纤陀螺的几十到几百分之一,而且检测精度高、动态范围大,引起了美、日、欧洲等惯性技术发达国家的重视。但是,目前谐振式光纤陀螺技术发展并不成熟,主要原因是光纤谐振腔受磁场、温度的影响大,偏振相关噪声和瑞利背向散射噪声等问题难以解决,限制了谐振式光纤陀螺的发展。本文提出将光子晶体光纤应用于谐振式光纤陀螺的研究中,从高性能光纤设计、温度和磁场效应抑制、偏振噪声抑制、背向散射噪声抑制等方面展开研究,以提高谐振式光纤陀螺的整体性能。主要研究内容如下:1、高性能光子晶体光纤设计及温度效应研究首先介绍了光子晶体光纤的原理,在此基础上对光子晶体光纤的双折射进行优化设计,得到双折射达10-3量级、具有双零色散点的八边形混合结构光子晶体光纤,在此基础上又对纤芯进行优化,得到双折射达10-2量级的混合纤芯结构光子晶体光纤,并分析了光纤结构参数对色散和双折射特性的影响。其次,通过有限元数值分析方法研究温度对光子晶体光纤性能的影响,重点研究了有效折射率、双折射和非线性系数随温度的变化趋势,并通过曲线拟合的方法得到了光纤特性随温度的变化系数。结果表明,光子晶体光纤的特性随温度的变化远远低于传统光纤,如:光纤折射率随温度的变化系数比传统光纤降低2个数量级,双折射降低1个数量级等。2、谐振腔偏振特性研究及法拉第相位误差抑制技术研究首先分析了基于传统光纤和全内反射型光子晶体光纤谐振腔的谐振曲线、精细度和灵敏度与光纤和耦合器特性的关系。结果表明,基于全内反射型光子晶体光纤谐振腔在提高谐振腔整体性能方面和传统光纤相当,能够代替传统光纤在谐振式光纤陀螺中得到应用。其次,通过琼斯矩阵理论建立了谐振腔的偏振模型,分析了温度对谐振曲线的影响,结果表明,谐振曲线包含两个本征偏振态,温度改变将会导致谐振腔两个偏振态之间的间隔发生改变,严重时将会导致两个本征偏振态之间发生重叠,导致谐振曲线发生畸变。经对比发现,光子晶体光纤谐振腔的谐振曲线两个本征偏振态之间的间隔要比传统光纤的大,具有优于传统光纤谐振腔的抗温度干扰能力。同时,对由磁场引起的法拉第相位误差进行了建模分析,结果表明,光纤长度和扭转率的增大将会导致法拉第相位误差增大,给陀螺的测量带来误差,而高双折射和低双折射都具有抑制法拉第误差的作用。进一步的分析表明,高双折射比低双折射在抑制法拉第相位误差方面要好至少一个数量级。最后,提出一种双环谐振腔以降低温度对谐振曲线偏振态的影响,并通过实验测试了不同温度下谐振腔的谐振曲线,实验结果与仿真结果相一致。通过对比单环谐振腔和双环谐振腔的谐振曲线和偏振误差可以发现,双环谐振腔两个本征偏振态在抗温度干扰方面比单环谐振腔要好,同时其偏振误差比单环谐振腔要低两个数量级。3、双三角波调制的背向散射噪声抑制技术研究首先对光纤环形谐振腔的动态响应特性进行研究,分析了三角波、正弦波和锯齿波相位调制技术下的光纤环形谐振腔归一化输出曲线随时间的变化特性,重点研究了调制方式、调制频率和调制系数对谐振腔输出的影响。通过对比,施加三角波相位调制后谐振腔的输出特性要优于正弦波和锯齿波调制。其次,提出基于双三角波相位调制技术抑制谐振式光纤陀螺中的背向散射噪声,并和双正弦波相位调制技术进行对比。结果表明,双三角波相位调制技术比双正弦波调制技术能够更好地进行载波抑制背向散射噪声的影响。仿真结果还表明,双相位调制系统中两个相位调制器的调制频率和相位调制系数将会影响解调信号的线性区域,根据理论分析得到了相位调制频率的最优解,并进行了仿真验证。结果表明,双三角波相位调制技术下的谐振式光纤陀螺系统存在良好的线性工作区域。
[Abstract]:As a new generation of inertial sensor, resonator fiber optic gyro (RFOG) is based on the principle of resonant frequency deviation is proportional to the transmission light in the resonant cavity to realize the measurement of the angular velocity, angular velocity of rotation. Compared to the interferometric fiber optic gyroscope is mature, resonator fiber optic gyro fiber length is only required one of the dozens of hundreds of interferometric fiber optic gyro, and high precision, large dynamic range, caused by beauty, Inertial Technology Europe and other developed countries attention. However, the resonator fiber optic gyro technology development is not mature, the main reason is the fiber resonator by magnetic field, the influence of temperature, polarization dependent noise and the Rayleigh backscattering noise and other problems difficult to solve, restrict the development of resonator fiber optic gyro. This paper will study the application of photonic crystal fiber in resonator fiber optic gyro, from the design of high performance fiber Inhibition, temperature and magnetic field effect, polarization noise suppression, back scattering noise suppression is studied, in order to improve the overall performance of resonator fiber optic gyro. The main research contents are as follows: 1, photonic crystal fiber and temperature effect on high performance firstly this paper introduces the principle of photonic crystal fiber, based on birefringent photonic crystal fiber to optimize the design, get birefringence of 10-3 magnitude, with two zero dispersion point eight shape mixed structure photonic crystal fiber, on the basis of core optimization, hybrid core photonic crystal fiber structure birefringence reached 10-2 magnitude, and analyzed the influence of structure parameters on the dispersion and optical fiber birefringence. Secondly, through the finite element numerical analysis method to study the effect of temperature on the performance of photonic crystal fiber, focusing on the effective refractive index, birefringence and nonlinear coefficient The change trend of temperature, and through the curve fitting method has characteristics of fiber temperature coefficient. The results show that the properties of photonic crystal fiber with the change of temperature is much lower than that of the traditional optical fiber, such as fiber refractive index and temperature coefficient than conventional fibers decreased by 2 orders of magnitude, the birefringence is reduced by 1 orders of magnitude.2 study on polarization characteristics of resonant cavity and Faraday phase error suppression technology research first analyzes the resonance curve of traditional fiber and total internal reflection photonic crystal fiber resonator based on the relationship between sensitivity and precision and optical fiber coupling device and characteristics. The results show that the total internal reflection photonic crystal fiber resonator to improve the overall the performance of traditional optical resonant cavity and on the same level, can replace the traditional optical fiber used in resonator fiber optic gyro. Secondly, through the Jones matrix theory of resonant cavity The polarization model, analyzes the influence of temperature on resonance curve. The results show that the resonant curve contains two eigen polarization, the temperature change will lead to between the resonant cavity two polarization interval changes, will cause the overlap between the two polarization eigenstate is serious, the resonance curves distortion. By comparison and between the resonance curve of the photonic crystal fiber resonator two eigen polarization interval than the traditional optical fiber, anti jamming ability of temperature is better than that of conventional optical fiber resonant cavity. At the same time, the Faraday caused by the magnetic field phase error were analyzed, the results show that the fiber length and the rate of increase will be reversed to increase the Faraday phase error, measurement error for gyroscope, and high birefringence and low birefringence can inhibit the role of error. Faraday further analysis shows that the high birefringence ratio Low birefringence in the inhibition of the Faraday phase error is at least an order of magnitude. Finally, put forward a kind of double ring resonator in order to reduce the influence of temperature on the resonance curve of polarization state, and test the resonance curve of resonant cavity under different temperature by experiment, the experimental results are consistent with the simulation results. The resonance curve and polarization error compared with single ring resonator and double ring resonator can be found, double ring resonator two eigen polarization in anti interference temperature than single ring resonator is better, while the polarization error is two orders of magnitude lower than.3 single ring resonator, double triangle wave modulation of backscattering noise suppression technology research first the dynamic of the fiber ring resonator response characteristics, analysis of the triangle wave, change characteristics of fiber ring resonator, the normalized curve of output sine wave and sawtooth wave phase modulation technology with time, Focus on the modulation effect of modulation frequency and modulation coefficient on the output of the resonator. By contrast, applying triangle wave phase modulation output characteristics of resonant cavity is superior to the sine wave and sawtooth wave modulation. Secondly, the double triangle wave phase modulation suppression technique in resonator fiber optic gyro based on backscattering noise, and contrast and double sine wave phase modulation technique. The results show that the double triangle wave phase modulation technology than double sine wave modulation technology can better suppress the carrier back scattering effects of noise. The simulation results also show that the dual phase modulation system two phase modulator frequency modulation and phase modulation coefficient will affect the demodulated signal of the linear region according to the theoretical analysis, the optimal solution of the phase modulation frequency, which is validated by simulation. The results show that the resonant double triangle wave phase modulation technology under There is a good linear working area in the optical fiber optic gyroscope system.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN253;TN96

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