无线传感器网络路由发现机制的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-04-21 19:00

本文选题：无线传感器网络 + 路由发现　；参考：《西安电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)感知物理世界、收集并传递信息的作用已经被越来越多的学者所广泛关注。路由发现是网络的重要机制之一,任何网络的设计都无法回避的课题。本文对无线传感器网路路由发现机制进行了系统的研究,主要研究内容有:1.对无线传感器网络技术体系进行介绍。它主要包含了一个标准和两个技术规范,以及其他行业内认知度比较高的专用技术规范。IEEE802.15.4标准提出了一种用于低功耗、低速率的无线通信技术。该标准规定了无线传感器网络的物理层(PHY)和媒体访问控制层(MAC)。ZigBee技术是一种用于无线传感器网络的专用协议栈,它从下向上规定了网络层(NWK)、应用支持层(APS)和应用框架层(AF)。6Lo WPAN是设计用来使无线传感器节点无缝接入互联网的IP适配层协议。它屏蔽了底层的差异,使无线传感器网络的设计变得更加方便快捷。2.对经典的无线传感器网络发现机制进行了研究。在经典的发现机制中,重点对两种机制做了研究,一种是基于树状拓扑结构的Cluster-Tree,它使用地址分配的方法进行路由发现,但是存在不易扩展的缺陷,只适用于静态网络。另一种是基于网状拓扑结构的AODV,从Ad-Hoc网络中演变而来,自适应强。由于它洪泛式的发现机制,造成了资源的大量浪费。3.对基于互联网的无线传感器RPL路由发现机制进行了研究,并为其进行改进。RPL是基于IP架构开发的无线传感器网络路由协议,是互联网向物联网发展的产物。它提出了有向无环图的拓扑结构,这种结构属于树状和网状拓扑的结合。在IP层设计了DIO和DAO消息来发现和维护节点。改进共有三点:针对RPL不能从上到下发现路由的问题,提出了连成积算法作为补充。针对缩小路由表项、提高查找速度的问题,提出了区规划算法作为补充。从能量均衡的角度,发现RPL现行机制存在优势路由节点会因过度使用而过早死亡的问题,这会造成整个网络的生命周期大大缩短。针对这个问题,提出了能量均衡算法作为改进。4.设计了适用于RPL的能量均衡算法。在RPL中引入了度量容器的概念,将使用的量纲放入度量容器,通过度量算法计算出代表能量消耗的度量值,当节点消耗过多能量时,使用优选算法选取能量较为充足的节点替换掉该节点,从而达到延长整个网络生命周期的目的。5.实现并测试了RPL的能量均衡算法。根据RPL能量均衡算法设计方案,具体实现了RPL的三个数据对象和两个控制消息,完成了发现新节点、发现旧节点和更新节点的函数。最后,结合物理设备的实验,测试验证了该改进方案的可行性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the role of Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs) in perceiving the physical world, collecting and transmitting information has been paid more and more attention by more and more scholars. Routing discovery is one of the most important mechanisms in network. In this paper, the routing discovery mechanism of wireless sensor networks is systematically studied, and the main research contents are: 1: 1. The technical system of wireless sensor network is introduced. It mainly includes one standard and two technical specifications, as well as the special technical specification .IEEE802.15.4, which has high recognition in other industries, and proposes a wireless communication technology for low power consumption and low rate. The standard specifies that the physical layer of wireless sensor networks (PHY) and the media access control layer (MAC). ZigBee technology is a special protocol stack for wireless sensor networks. It sets up the network layer from the bottom up, application support layer (APS) and application framework layer (AFG. 6Lo WPAN) is designed to make wireless sensor nodes seamlessly access to the Internet IP adaptation layer protocol. It shields the underlying differences and makes the design of wireless sensor networks more convenient. 2. 2. The classical discovery mechanism of wireless sensor networks is studied. In the classical discovery mechanism, we focus on two mechanisms, one is Cluster-Treebased on tree topology, which uses address assignment method for routing discovery, but it is difficult to extend the defects, which is only suitable for static networks. The other is AODV, which is based on the network topology and evolved from the Ad-Hoc network. Because of its flooding mechanism of discovery, caused a large amount of waste of resources. 3. This paper studies the RPL routing discovery mechanism of wireless sensor based on Internet and improves it. RPL is a wireless sensor network routing protocol based on IP architecture. It is the product of the development of Internet of things from Internet to Internet of things. The topological structure of directed acyclic graph is proposed, which belongs to the combination of tree topology and network topology. DIO and DAO messages are designed in IP layer to discover and maintain nodes. The improvement has three points: to solve the problem that RPL can not discover routing from top to bottom, a continuous product algorithm is proposed as a supplement. In order to reduce routing table items and improve lookup speed, an area planning algorithm is proposed as a supplement. From the point of view of energy balance, it is found that the existing mechanism of RPL has the problem of premature death of the dominant routing nodes due to overuse, which will shorten the lifetime of the whole network. To solve this problem, an energy equalization algorithm is proposed as an improved. 4. 4. An energy equalization algorithm for RPL is designed. The concept of measurement container is introduced in RPL. The dimension is put into the measurement container. The measure value representing energy consumption is calculated by the measurement algorithm. When the node consumes too much energy, The optimal selection algorithm is used to select the node with sufficient energy to replace the node so as to extend the whole network life cycle. The energy equalization algorithm of RPL is implemented and tested. According to the design scheme of RPL energy equalization algorithm, three data objects and two control messages of RPL are implemented, and the functions of discovering new nodes, discovering old nodes and updating nodes are completed. Finally, the feasibility of the improved scheme is verified by the experiment of physical equipment.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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