基于ZigBee与蓝牙转换的多汇聚节点数据传输系统研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 09:40

本文选题：ZigBee + 蓝牙　；参考：《宁波大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着物联网的发展，无线传感网络各项技术的逐渐成熟，大规模、高密度的网络布局成为无线传感网络的发展趋势。相对于传统的单汇聚节点无线传感网络，多汇聚节点的设计在数据传输可靠性和节点能耗均衡性等诸多方面都显现出更强的适应性。本文结合了ZigBee的低功耗、低成本等优势和蓝牙的终端接入优势，基于ZigBee协议栈和蓝牙协议栈设计出一个以点对多点ZigBee/蓝牙协议转换器为核心的数据传输系统；该系统采用了更为可靠、健壮的多汇聚节点的系统结构，从而有效地拓宽了ZigBee技术和蓝牙技术的应用范围。点对多点ZigBee/蓝牙协议转换器的设计，其关键在于对ZigBee数据包和蓝牙数据包的格式进行转换。转换器在硬件上由ZigBee射频、蓝牙射频和单片机组成，它们通过通用串行口进行连接。数据包格式的转换包括两个步骤：(1)单片机按照源数据包的通用格式对其进行解析，以得到数据包中的数据荷载；(2)单片机按照目的数据包的通用格式对(1)中所得到的数据荷载进行封装。在多汇聚节点无线传感网络中引入ZigBee/蓝牙协议转换将不可避免地引发节点地址流失、数据速率不匹配等问题。为解决节点地址流失的问题，文中采用了一种新的数据域设计方案，它将数据荷载设计成地址信息和数据信息的联合体。为解决数据速率不匹配的问题，文中设计了数据缓冲区，对不同串行口输入的数据包进行排队和暂存。基于ZigBee协议的多汇聚节点无线传感网络的设计，其关键在于通过对汇聚节点和传感节点的协同设计以实现一种汇聚节点的切换机制。该机制允许当前汇聚节点失效的传感节点自发地切换至另一可用的汇聚节点，以完成数据信息的上传。对传感节点和汇聚节点的设计均需要配合上述汇聚节点的切换机制的完成。最后，通过实验对基于ZigBee/蓝牙协议转换器的多汇聚节点无线传感网络的功能及性能进行测试。最终的测试结果表明，本文提出的基于ZigBee协议栈和蓝牙协议栈设计的ZigBee/蓝牙协议转换器能够有效地对两类数据包进行格式转换，ZigBee设备与蓝牙设备之间的通信得以实现。本文的实际应用案例也表明，ZigBee/蓝牙协议转换器能够够较好地融入到多汇聚节点无线传感网络中；在案例中，多汇聚节点设计的优势得以体现，系统的实用性也得到了证实。本文在设计思想上与具体实施中仍存在着不足。多汇聚节点设计在提高节点能耗均衡性方面的显著作用未能得到充分的体现。在汇聚节点的切换机制中，没能充分考虑其时的网络状态以选择出最优的汇聚节点。在实际应用中，传感节点的供电、移动数据终端的设计等问题也亟待解决。
[Abstract]:With the development of the Internet of things (IoT), wireless sensor network (WSNs) technology is becoming more and more mature. The large-scale and high-density network layout has become the trend of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Compared with the traditional wireless sensor networks with single convergent nodes, the design of multi-node convergent nodes shows stronger adaptability in many aspects, such as data transmission reliability and energy balance of nodes. Based on ZigBee protocol stack and Bluetooth protocol stack, a data transmission system based on point-to-multipoint ZigBee/ protocol converter is designed, which combines the advantages of low power consumption and low cost of ZigBee and terminal access advantage of Bluetooth. The system adopts a more reliable and robust multi-node architecture, which effectively broadens the application of ZigBee technology and Bluetooth technology. The key to the design of a point-to-multipoint ZigBee/ Bluetooth protocol converter is to convert the format of ZigBee packets to Bluetooth packets. The converter is composed of ZigBee RF, Bluetooth RF and SCM in hardware. They are connected by universal serial port. The conversion of the data packet format includes two steps: 1) the single-chip computer parses the data packet according to the common format of the source data packet. The data load obtained from the data packet is encapsulated according to the common format of the destination packet. The introduction of ZigBee/ Bluetooth protocol conversion in multi-node wireless sensor networks will inevitably lead to node address loss and data rate mismatch. In order to solve the problem of node address loss, a new data domain design scheme is adopted, which designs the data load as a combination of address information and data information. In order to solve the problem of data rate mismatch, a data buffer is designed to queue and store data packets from different serial ports. The key to the design of multi-node wireless sensor network based on ZigBee protocol is to realize a switching mechanism of convergent nodes through the collaborative design of convergent nodes and sensor nodes. The mechanism allows the sensor nodes that are currently failing to switch spontaneously to another available sink node to upload data. The design of the sensor node and the sink node need to cooperate with the completion of the switching mechanism of the above convergent node. Finally, the function and performance of multi-node wireless sensor network based on ZigBee/ Bluetooth protocol converter are tested. The final test results show that the proposed ZigBee/ Bluetooth protocol converter based on ZigBee protocol stack and Bluetooth protocol stack can effectively realize the communication between ZigBee device and Bluetooth device. The practical application case also shows that ZigBee/ Bluetooth protocol converter can be integrated into multi-node wireless sensor network. In the case, the advantages of multi-node design are reflected, and the practicability of the system is proved. In this paper, there are still some deficiencies in the design idea and the concrete implementation. The significant role of multi-node design in improving the energy balance of nodes is not fully reflected. In the handoff mechanism of convergent nodes, the network state at that time is not fully taken into account in order to select the optimal convergent nodes. In practical application, the power supply of sensor node and the design of mobile data terminal are urgently needed to be solved.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN92;TN919.6

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