基于有限元的开关电源磁性元件仿真与设计

发布时间：2018-04-24 16:23

本文选题：有限元 + 变压器　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着电力电子技术的进步，开关电源的工作频率和功率密度不断提高，自身体积不断变小，其功率损耗和分布参数对电源系统的也影响越来越严重。因此，如何降低损耗和优化分布参数设计出满足电路要求的变压器已经成为现代电力电子领域的重要内容。本文首先分析了高频效应对变压器损耗和分布参数的影响，同时探讨了损耗和分布参数的影响因素。针对有限元理论重点分析了对电磁场数值计算的方法，且给出了计算过程的几个主要步骤。对高频效应对变压器所产生的各个方面的影响进行了探讨，并应用电路仿真软件逐一对其进行了详细分析。进一步分析了其损耗和分布参数形成的原因和机理。文章重点研究了应用有限元理论来计算变压器的损耗、分布参数的过程和方法。根据变压器结构参数和若干假设条件，建立了其3D模型，通过有限元方法对它进行了计算，把得到的损耗与用解析法所得的结果进行了对比，同时参考了变压器在开关电源总损耗中所占的比例，肯定了有限元方法在计算变压器损耗方面的可靠性。通过调整模型的绕组间距和绝缘层的相对介电常数，对应用有限元方法计算得到的分布参数进行了分析和对比。进一步应用非线性回归算法对漏感和分布电容关于绕组间距和介电常数进行了曲面拟合，建立了对应的数学模型并对其进行了分析。最后通过实验，改变了实验中开关电源变压器的绕组间距，并对漏感和输出电压的峰峰值进行了测量，揭示了漏感随绝缘间距的变化规律和对开关电源性能指标峰峰值的影响。因此，在设计开关电源变压器的过程中，可以运用上述的计算方法来预测变压器各个部分的损耗，是否满足系统分配给变压损耗额度的要求。同时，建立分布参数关于变压器结构参数和材料性质参数的数学模型，以便通过调整优化参数来获得合理的分布参数满足电路的要求。应用这样的方法来实现开关电源中变压器优化设计的目标，它对理论和实践都具有重要的指导意义。
[Abstract]:With the development of power electronics technology, the working frequency and power density of switching power supply are increasing, and its own volume is becoming smaller. The power loss and distribution parameters have more and more serious influence on the power supply system. Therefore, how to reduce the loss and optimize the distribution parameters to design transformers to meet the requirements of the circuit has become an important content in the field of modern power electronics. In this paper, the influence of high frequency effect on transformer loss and distribution parameters is analyzed, and the influence factors of loss and distribution parameters are discussed. Based on the finite element theory, the numerical calculation method of electromagnetic field is analyzed, and several main steps of the calculation process are given. The influence of high frequency effect on transformer is discussed, and the circuit simulation software is used to analyze it one by one. The cause and mechanism of the formation of loss and distribution parameters are further analyzed. In this paper, the process and method of calculating transformer's loss and distribution parameters by using finite element theory are studied. According to the structural parameters and some hypothetical conditions of the transformer, the 3D model of the transformer is established and calculated by the finite element method. The loss obtained is compared with the results obtained by the analytical method. At the same time, the reliability of finite element method in calculating transformer loss is confirmed by referring to the proportion of transformer in the total loss of switching power supply. By adjusting the winding spacing of the model and the relative dielectric constant of the insulation layer, the distribution parameters calculated by the finite element method are analyzed and compared. Furthermore, the nonlinear regression algorithm is applied to the curved surface fitting of leakage inductance and distributed capacitance about winding spacing and dielectric constant, and the corresponding mathematical model is established and analyzed. Finally, the winding spacing of switching power supply transformer is changed, the peak value of leakage inductance and output voltage is measured, and the variation rule of leakage inductance with insulation distance and the influence on peak peak value of switching power supply performance index are revealed. Therefore, in the process of designing the transformer of switching power supply, the above calculation method can be used to predict the loss of each part of the transformer and whether it can meet the requirements of the system assigned to the variable voltage loss. At the same time, the mathematical model of the distribution parameters about the structural parameters and the material properties parameters of the transformer is established, so that the reasonable distribution parameters can be obtained by adjusting the optimized parameters to meet the requirements of the circuit. Applying this method to realize the objective of optimal design of transformers in switching power supply is of great significance to both theory and practice.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN86

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