基于开源系统的无线传感器网络组网的研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 04:14

本文选题：无线传感器网络 + Contiki　；参考：《湖北工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着无线通信、传感器与集成电路等关键技术的不断成熟和潜在的应用需求不断增多，无线传感器网络作为一种新兴信息获取技术已经成为当今国内外新兴技术前沿的研究热点。无线传感器网络是一个新兴学科与传统学科领域高度交叉的发展方向，无线节点一般存储资源受限且易受外界环境干扰，现阶段国内外无线传感器网络领域开发的相关传输协议栈多为“半开源”，且大多数协议栈都被封装，使其应用受到一定的局限性。论文主要探究在无线传感器节点上使用开源Contiki操作系统和FreakZ协议栈构建无线传感器网络，完成无线传感器网络监测系统的数据采集，并通过无线的方式将信息发送至监控中心。首先，论文阐述了无线传感器网络中的相关基本概念以及相应的基本特征；介绍了适用于短距离无线通信的IEEE802.15.4标准及ZigBee协议规范，详细介绍了无线传感器节点设计方案，对比分析了当今国内外主流的适用于无线传感器网络的操作系统和网络协议栈，结合本文组网系统的特点选取了STM32处理器和射频AT86RF212收发器分离的无线节点硬件平台，软件平台选取轻量级嵌入式多任务操作系统Contiki与FreakZ网络协议栈，实现无线传感器节点的组网。其次，在硬件方面，对STM32微处理器与射频芯片AT86RF212电路进行设计，以及对其他外围电路部分进行设计，包括电源、串口、JTAG接口电路等，微处理器与射频模块通过SPI接口进行双向通信，实现AT86RF212射频的驱动。在软件方面，本文在IAR软件编译环境下采用开源的嵌入式多任务操作系统Contiki以及开源网络协议栈FreakZ。在深入分析Contiki操作系统内核的基础上，解释了其两大核心机制；详细分析FreakZ协议栈中数据传输链路及传输方式。使用模块化的方式将Contiki和FreakZ移植到硬件平台上，介绍了移植的详细步骤，给出了SPI模块及RF212的驱动程序设计，详细介绍了协议栈中各层的数据发送与接收处理链路以及数据发送与接收流程，完成无线传感器节点的无线组网，并在建立的网络内实现无线传感器节点的数据帧的发送、接收。最后，在实验室环境下测试，介绍了硬件及软件调试方法，实验结果表明，硬件平台上，在Contiki操作系统下使用FreakZ协议栈，通过终端上显示的节点组网信息及网络结构表明，使用FreakZ协议栈成功实现无线传感器节点组网。
[Abstract]:With the development of wireless communication, sensor and integrated circuit and other key technologies, the potential application demand is increasing. Wireless sensor network (WSN) as a new information acquisition technology has become the research hotspot of emerging technologies at home and abroad. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) is a highly intersecting development direction between new disciplines and traditional disciplines. Wireless nodes generally have limited storage resources and are vulnerable to external environment interference. At present, most of the transport protocol stacks developed in the field of wireless sensor networks at home and abroad are semi-open source, and most of them are encapsulated, so their applications are limited to a certain extent. This paper mainly explores the use of open source Contiki operating system and FreakZ protocol stack in wireless sensor node to construct wireless sensor network, complete the data acquisition of wireless sensor network monitoring system, and send the information to the monitoring center by wireless way. Firstly, this paper introduces the basic concepts and characteristics of wireless sensor networks, introduces the IEEE802.15.4 standard and ZigBee protocol specification for short range wireless communication, and introduces the design scheme of wireless sensor nodes in detail. The operating system and network protocol stack suitable for wireless sensor network are compared and analyzed. The hardware platform of wireless node which is separated by STM32 processor and radio frequency AT86RF212 transceiver is selected according to the characteristics of the networking system in this paper. The software platform selects the lightweight embedded multitask operating system Contiki and FreakZ network protocol stack to realize the wireless sensor node networking. Secondly, in the aspect of hardware, the design of STM32 microprocessor and RF chip AT86RF212 circuit, as well as the design of other peripheral circuits, including power supply, serial port JTAG interface circuit, etc. The microprocessor and RF module communicate bidirectional through SPI interface to realize AT86RF212 RF drive. In terms of software, this paper adopts open source embedded multitask operating system Contiki and open source network protocol stack Freak Z. On the basis of deeply analyzing the kernel of Contiki operating system, two core mechanisms are explained, and the data transmission link and transmission mode in FreakZ protocol stack are analyzed in detail. The Contiki and FreakZ are transplanted to the hardware platform by modularization. The detailed steps of the transplantation are introduced, and the design of the SPI module and the driver of RF212 are given. This paper introduces in detail the data transmission and receive processing link and the data transmission and receiving flow in each layer of the protocol stack, completes the wireless networking of the wireless sensor node, and realizes the transmission of the data frame of the wireless sensor node in the established network. Receive. Finally, the hardware and software debugging methods are introduced in the laboratory environment. The experimental results show that the FreakZ protocol stack is used in the Contiki operating system on the hardware platform, and the node network information and network structure are displayed on the terminal. The FreakZ protocol stack is used to realize the wireless sensor node networking successfully.
【学位授予单位】：湖北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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