北斗全球卫星导航系统高精度测量数据处理及应用

发布时间：2018-05-06 16:33

本文选题：多频卫星导航系统 + 电离层延迟消除　；参考：《国防科学技术大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：卫星导航系统的高精度测量数据处理是进行精密定位、精密定轨和时频同步的基础。随着卫星导航系统向三频、四频系统发展,用户可以获得更多的冗余观测量,需要优化多频测量数据的处理方法,从而实现更快的初始化时间和更高的解算精度。北斗全球卫星导航系统未来拟播发包含S频段在内的4个频点导航信号,本文针对四频伪距、载波相位和多普勒测量数据的高精度处理需求,研究了多频伪距消除电离层延迟技术、多频载波相位平滑伪距技术、长基线下多频载波相位模糊度快速解算技术和基于载波多普勒的远程时频同步和评估技术,取得了以下创新性成果:1.针对多频伪距电离层延迟消除导致的伪距噪声放大问题,推导了多频伪距消除电离层延迟的通用算法,分析了北斗全球系统中基于组合噪声方差最小准则的双频、三频、四频用户的电离层延迟消除算法,为北斗全球系统的导航信号设计提供理论支撑。理论分析和试验结果表明,播发S频段导航信号的北斗全球系统比北斗区域系统在无电离层伪距精度和定位精度上,都能提高5~8倍。同样播发4频导航信号且同等噪声水平下,北斗全球系统的无电离层组合伪距的精度是Galileo系统的1~4倍。2.针对四频导航信号带来的新机遇,研究了多频GNSS系统的载波相位平滑伪距技术,推导了通用的算法模型,提出了基于随机误差方差最小准则的四频一阶伪距平滑优化算法。理论分析和试验结果表明,北斗全球系统载波相位平滑伪距能够将伪距随机误差降低至毫米级,比北斗区域系统精度提高2~3倍,并使得定位精度提高5~8倍。3.针对传统层叠式整数解算法(CIR)在长基线场景中无法单历元求解模糊度的问题,提出了利用组合载波模糊度转换求解基础载波模糊度的单历元解算算法。该算法以长波长、总误差较小和转换矩阵条件数最小为优化准则,并利用平滑后的双频伪距和已确定模糊度的组合载波相位来消除电离层延迟,提高组合载波模糊度解算精度和基础载波模糊度单历元解算成功率。该算法将适用基线长度从几十km提升至1000km以上,且在1000km的长基线下,该算法将单历元解算模糊度的成功率从传统CIR法的7%提升至100%。4.针对导航系统长基线地面站的时间频率同步和频率稳定度评估问题,提出一种基于双向卫星频率比对和三角帽法的远程频率稳定度评估算法。该算法利用载波多普勒测量数据计算站间频差,克服了基于伪距的双向卫星时间频率传递算法在短稳评估上精度差的缺点,通过三站之间两两的频率比对,实现单站的频率稳定度评估。利用该算法处理北斗系统实测数据的结果表明,解算的秒稳达到10-13量级,万秒稳达到10-15量级。论文的研究成果中关于三频测量数据的处理算法和远程频率稳定度评估算法,已经应用到北斗区域系统地面运控系统的主控站测量与通信系统和时间同步/注入站等多个项目,在精密定位、精密定轨和高精度频率比对等技术领域,支撑项目的总体方案论证和设备研制工作。关于四频测量数据的处理算法可应用于北斗全球系统的研制,对于GPS、Galileo等其他卫星导航系统也有重要借鉴价值。
[Abstract]:The high precision measurement data processing of the satellite navigation system is the basis of precision positioning, precision orbit determination and time frequency synchronization. With the development of the satellite navigation system to the three frequency and four frequency systems, the user can obtain more redundancy measurements. It is necessary to optimize the processing method of multi frequency measurement data so as to achieve faster initialization time and higher level. In the future, the global satellite navigation system of Beidou will broadcast 4 frequency point navigation signals including the S frequency band. In this paper, the multi frequency pseudo distance elimination ionospheric delay technology, the multi frequency carrier wave phase smoothing pseudo distance technology and the multi frequency carrier under the long baseline are studied for the high precision processing demand of the four frequency pseudo distance, the carrier phase and the Doppler measurement data. The fast phase ambiguity resolution technique and the remote time frequency synchronization and evaluation technology based on carrier Doppler have obtained the following innovative results: 1. for the pseudo range noise amplification problem caused by the multi frequency pseudo distance ionospheric delay elimination, the multifrequency pseudo distance to eliminate the ionospheric delay is derived, and the group based on the group in the Beidou global system is analyzed. The double frequency, three frequency, four frequency user's ionospheric delay elimination algorithm, which is combined with the minimum noise variance criterion, provides theoretical support for the navigation signal design of the Beidou global system. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the Beidou global system that broadcasts the S band navigation signal is more accurate and accurate than the Beidou region system in the absence of ionospheric pseudo range accuracy and positioning accuracy. It can improve the 5~8 times. As well as the 4 frequency navigation signal and the same noise level, the accuracy of the non ionospheric combination pseudorange in the Beidou global system is the new opportunity brought by the 1~4 times of the Galileo system for the four frequency navigation signal. The carrier phase smooth pseudo distance technique of the multi frequency GNSS system is studied, and the general algorithm model is derived, and the base of the algorithm is proposed. The four frequency first order pseudo distance smoothing optimization algorithm of the random error variance minimum criterion. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the carrier phase smooth pseudo range of the Beidou global system can reduce the pseudo range random error to the millimeter level, 2~3 times higher than the Beidou regional system precision, and make the positioning accuracy increase by 5~8 times.3. for the traditional stacked integer solution. The algorithm (CIR) can not solve the ambiguity in a long baseline scene, and a single epoch algorithm is proposed to solve the basic carrier ambiguity by using the combined carrier ambiguity conversion. The algorithm takes the long wavelength, the total error is smaller and the conversion matrix condition minimum is the optimal criterion, and uses the smoothed dual frequency pseudo distance and the established model. The combined carrier phase of the paste is used to eliminate the ionospheric delay, improve the accuracy of the combined carrier ambiguity resolution and the success rate of the basic carrier ambiguity resolution. This algorithm improves the length of the baseline from dozens of km to more than 1000km, and under the long baseline of 1000km, the algorithm makes the success rate of solving the ambiguity from the traditional CIR method 7%. To 100%.4., a remote frequency stability evaluation algorithm based on two-way satellite frequency comparison and triangle cap method is proposed to evaluate the time frequency synchronization and frequency stability of the long baseline ground station of the navigation system. The algorithm uses the carrier Doppler measurement data to calculate the inter station frequency difference and overcomes the pseudo distance based two-way satellite. Between the three stations, the frequency stability of a single station is evaluated by the frequency ratio of 22 between the stations. The results of the calculation of the measured data of the Beidou system show that the calculated second stability reaches 10-13, and the second is 10-15. The data processing algorithm and the remote frequency stability evaluation algorithm have been applied to the main control station measurement and communication system and the time synchronization / injection station of the Beidou regional system ground transportation control system, such as the precision positioning, precision orbit determination and high precision frequency ratio equivalence domain, supporting the overall scheme demonstration and equipment development of the project. Work. The processing algorithm of four frequency measurement data can be applied to the development of the Beidou global system. It also has important reference value for other satellite navigation systems such as GPS, Galileo and so on.

【学位授予单位】：国防科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN967.1

【参考文献】