电力无线传感网分簇路由优化算法研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 04:03

本文选题：智能电网 + 无线传感网　；参考：《华北电力大学(北京)》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前在信息领域中无线传感器网络技术是一个研究热点,应用前景相当广阔。随着各种先进技术在电网中的普及,智能化已经成为电网发展的必然趋势,无线传感器网络技术也在智能电网中扮演着越来越重要的角色。智能电网的建设以当代电力系统网络化、信息化技术高速发展的现状为前提。为响应国家电网打造坚强智能电网发展规划,早日建立对电网全面监测的安全体系和信息互动体系,研究如何解决无线传感网络通信的能量效率、可靠性和大规模组网等问题,优化通信网络,成为研究人员面临的重要课题。本论文针对智能电网无线通信的特点,从路由角度出发,改进无线传感器网络路由算法,实现网络能耗优化,以满足建设坚强智能电网通信需求。针对电力系统数据采集和监测业务,论文首先分析了LEACH算法的工作原理以及其存在的不足,提出一种基于LEACH的改进路由算法。通过在选择簇头时加入节点的剩余能量,节点连续未当选过簇头轮次以及节点度等因素,使高能量以及当选簇头次数少的节点更易当选簇头,延长了网络生命周期,提高网络整体性能。针对电力系统传感网节点大规模分布导致距基站较近的部分节点能量衰减过快,以及簇头分布不均匀等问题,提出一种网格状分簇路由算法,算法首先将节点分布区域划成若干正方形网格,其次根据网格内部通信选择簇头,从而平衡全网节点能量；最后在簇间路由采用多跳通信方式向基站传输数据,根据簇头节点和基站的相对位置构建虚拟最优中继节点,将周围簇头的坐标以及剩余能量两因素作为下一跳中继节点的选择标准,进一步降低了能量开销。仿真实验结果分析表明,算法在大区域环境下可以显著延长网络的生命周期,均衡节点能量消耗,能够支持多种复杂的无线传感器网络应用环境,可扩展性好。
[Abstract]:At present, wireless sensor network (WSN) technology is a research hotspot in the field of information, and its application prospect is very broad. With the popularity of various advanced technologies in the power grid, intelligence has become an inevitable trend of the development of the grid, wireless sensor network technology also plays an increasingly important role in the smart grid. The construction of smart grid is based on the current situation of modern power system networking and the rapid development of information technology. In order to build a strong smart grid development plan in response to the State Grid, establish the security system and information interaction system for the overall monitoring of the power grid at an early date, and study how to solve the problems of energy efficiency, reliability and large-scale networking of wireless sensor network communications, Optimization of communication network has become an important task for researchers. In this paper, according to the characteristics of smart grid wireless communication, from the point of view of routing, the routing algorithm of wireless sensor network is improved to optimize network energy consumption to meet the communication needs of building a strong smart grid. Aiming at the data acquisition and monitoring service of power system, this paper first analyzes the working principle of LEACH algorithm and its shortcomings, and proposes an improved routing algorithm based on LEACH. By adding the residual energy of the node when the cluster head is selected, the node is not elected over the cluster head cycle and the node degree continuously, so that the nodes with high energy and less elected cluster heads are more easily selected, and the network life cycle is prolonged. Improve the overall performance of the network. In order to solve the problem that the large-scale distribution of nodes in power system sensor network leads to the fast energy attenuation of some nodes close to the base station and the uneven distribution of cluster heads, a grid-like clustering routing algorithm is proposed. The algorithm firstly divides the node distribution area into several square grids, then selects cluster heads according to the internal communication of the grid, thus balancing the energy of the nodes in the whole network. Finally, the multi-hop communication mode is used to transmit data to the base station in the inter-cluster routing. According to the relative position of cluster head node and base station, the virtual optimal relay node is constructed. The coordinate of cluster head around and the residual energy are taken as the selection criteria of the next hop relay node, and the energy cost is further reduced. The simulation results show that the algorithm can significantly prolong the lifetime of the network, balance the energy consumption of nodes, and support a variety of complex wireless sensor network application environments.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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