基于FPGA的微脉冲激光雷达控制和数据采集系统

发布时间：2018-05-27 02:19

本文选题：FPGA + 光子计数　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：对大气中的气溶胶、云、雾等的探测和分析对于研究大气环境和气象监测有着十分重要的意义。微脉冲激光雷达的出现为探测和研究大气环境提供了一种便捷有效的手段。通过接收激光射入大气中之后散射的回波信号，经过数据处理和分析，可以得到丰富的大气状态信息和物理参数。本系统基于FPGA设计了光子计数模块用于微脉冲激光雷达的数据采集，同时为了方便对微脉冲激光雷达的控制并检测其工作状态，设计了AD采集模块和DA输出模块。本论文主要包括以下几个部分： 1、微脉冲激光雷达的应用背景和研究现状。此部分在阐述了该领域的研究背景之后，提出了本论文的研究内容和实现方案。 2、系统的硬件设计。该部分主要包括光子计数模块、DA输出模块和AD采集模块三部分，其中光子计数模块是本设计的核心部分。光子计数模块用于对微脉冲激光雷达的激光脉冲回波信号进行光子计数，并利用光子个数的统计特性对计数结果进行了累加，从而提高了测量结果的准确性。 3、系统的软件设计。主要讲述了Nios II嵌入式软核处理器的应用，着重介绍了光子计数、DA输出和AD采集三大模块的各自的软件设计。最后整合了系统的总体软件设计。整个系统由Nios II处理器进行工作流程的控制，并通过串口接收上位机命令执行相应的操作。 4、系统的测试和应用。分别介绍了各个模块的测试和系统的总体测试，并阐述了该系统的实际应用效果。
[Abstract]:The detection and analysis of aerosols, clouds and fogs in the atmosphere are of great significance for the study of atmospheric environment and meteorological monitoring. The appearance of micropulse lidar provides a convenient and effective method for detecting and studying atmospheric environment. The state information and physical parameters of the atmosphere can be obtained by receiving the echo signal which is scattered after the laser is injected into the atmosphere through data processing and analysis. In this system, the photon counting module is designed based on FPGA for the data acquisition of micro-pulse laser radar. In order to control the micro-pulse laser radar and detect its working state, AD acquisition module and DA output module are designed. This thesis mainly includes the following parts: 1. The application background and research status of micro pulse lidar. After expatiating the research background of this field, this part puts forward the research content and realization plan of this paper. 2. Hardware design of the system. This part mainly includes the photon counting module DA output module and AD acquisition module, and the photon counting module is the core part of this design. The photon counting module is used to count the laser pulse echo signal of the micro-pulse laser radar, and the counting results are accumulated by the statistical characteristics of the number of photons, thus improving the accuracy of the measurement results. 3, the software design of the system. This paper mainly describes the application of Nios II embedded soft core processor, and emphatically introduces the software design of the three modules of photon counting DA output and AD acquisition. Finally, the overall software design of the system is integrated. The whole system is controlled by Nios II processor, and the command is received by serial port. 4. Testing and application of the system. The test of each module and the overall test of the system are introduced respectively, and the practical application effect of the system is described.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN958.98

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