基于元胞自动机的无线传感器网络节能路由协议的研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 20:46

本文选题：无线传感器网络 + 节能路由协议　；参考：《电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络(Wireless sensor networks,WSNs)是由分布在其中的传感器节点通过自组织过程形成的网络,节点通过相互之间的通信共同完成对网络中监测对象的相关数据信息的采集和处理,并将采集处理后信息传送给观察者。自对无线传感器网络的研究开始,这一课题就引起了各界极大的关注。由于传感器节点体较小、构造简单,无法保证充足的电池能量,加上传感器网络常用于一些特殊的场景中,环境恶劣甚至人迹罕至,电池能量无法得到及时补充或更换,因此如何最大程度上减少能耗是无线传感器网络重点关注的问题之一。元胞自动机(Cellular automata,CA)是一种时间和空间均离散的系统,且每个元胞都有有限个离散状态,元胞下一时刻的状态由当前时刻自身以及邻居元胞的状态共同决定,所有元胞遵守同一个状态转换规则,元胞自动机能够以简单的规则实现复杂的整体特性。将元胞自动机和无线传感器网络相比拟,传感器节点类似于元胞,节点根据与邻近节点通信获得的局部信息决定自身下一时刻的行为,实现网络的整体特性。在节能方面,WSN网络同元胞自动机模型同样具有相似之处,节点通过执行特定的协议控制自身的工作状态,延长睡眠时间,减少能量消耗。因此,利用元胞自动机模型来解决传感器网络的能耗问题是十分有效的方法。本文研究了基于元胞自动机模型的WSN节能路由协议,设计了基于元胞自动机模型的节能路由协议AODV-ECA和GAF-CA。传统的基于元胞自动机模型的AODV路由协议中节点分布不够灵活,以“生命游戏”作为状态转换规则,未考虑节点能量状态,会导致个别处于低能状态的节点过度工作致能量耗尽,形成网络分割。AODV-ECA协议针对此问题引入不规则元胞自动机模型,使节点能够随机分布在网络中,并在制定状态转换规则时考虑节点的剩余能量,提高了能量均衡性。GAF-CA协议针对GAF协议中簇头选举方法存在的问题进行了改进,节点无需掌握复杂的全局信息,避免发送大量测试信息,自发完成簇头选举,降低了网络开销。对改进后的协议在NS2网络仿真工具下进行仿真分析,与改进前的协议进行性能比较,通过对节点剩余能量、网络总能量消耗以及网络生存时间等方面性能指标的比较,验证本文提出的新协议的有效性和优越性。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor Networks (WSNs) is a network formed by the sensor nodes distributed among them through self-organizing process. The nodes work together to complete the collection and processing of the relevant data information of the monitoring objects in the network through the communication between the nodes. The collected and processed information is transmitted to the observer. Since the beginning of the research on wireless sensor networks, this subject has attracted great attention from all walks of life. Because the sensor node is small and simple, it can not guarantee sufficient battery energy. Besides, sensor network is often used in some special scenarios, the environment is bad or even people are not available, so the battery energy can not be replenished or replaced in time. Therefore, how to minimize energy consumption is one of the most important issues in wireless sensor networks. Cellular automata (CA) is a system with discrete time and space, and each cell has a finite number of discrete states. The state of the next moment of the cell is determined by the state of the current moment and that of the neighbor cell. All cells follow the same state transition rule, and cellular automata can achieve complex global properties with simple rules. Comparing cellular automata with wireless sensor networks, sensor nodes are similar to cellular nodes. Nodes decide their own behavior at the next moment according to the local information obtained from communication with neighboring nodes, and realize the overall characteristics of the network. In the aspect of energy saving, the cellular automata model of WSN network is similar. Nodes control their working state by executing specific protocols, prolong sleep time and reduce energy consumption. Therefore, using cellular automata model to solve the problem of sensor network energy consumption is a very effective method. In this paper, WSN energy-saving routing protocol based on cellular automata model is studied, and AODV-ECA and GAF-CA-based energy-saving routing protocols based on cellular automata model are designed. The traditional AODV routing protocol based on cellular automata model is not flexible enough to distribute nodes, and takes "game of life" as the rule of state transition, and does not consider the state of node energy. It will lead to excessive work of individual nodes in low energy state and lead to energy depletion. AODV-ECA protocol introduces irregular cellular automata model to solve this problem, which enables nodes to be randomly distributed in the network. Considering the residual energy of the node, the GAF-CA protocol improves the energy balance and improves the problem of cluster head selection method in GAF protocol. The node does not need to master complex global information. Avoiding sending a large amount of test information and spontaneously completing cluster head election, the network overhead is reduced. The improved protocol is simulated and analyzed under the NS2 network simulation tool. The performance of the improved protocol is compared with that of the improved protocol. The performance indexes of the node residual energy, the total energy consumption of the network and the network lifetime are compared. The validity and superiority of the proposed new protocol are verified.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9

【参考文献】