量子保密通信网络设计及运行机制研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 13:32

本文选题：量子保密通信 + 局域网　；参考：《西安电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：量子力学对经典信息的处理有着独特的优势,它通过与信息学相结合,便产生了量子信息物理学,这是一个发展的必然趋势,因此越来越多的学者开始进行量子通信的研究。随着互联网的发展,信息安全成为当今社会上不可忽视的问题,而量子保密通信就是该领域中不可分割的一部分,要实现无条件的安全通信,必须依靠量子保密通信,通过量子密钥分发协议来产生量子密钥,从而实现安全通信。但是,通过量子密钥分发协议产生的密钥是有限的,会根据通信距离、收发设备等变化而改变,因此在实际多用户通信过程中合理地使用量子密钥就变得至关重要了,需要合理地搭建一种通信网络,这个网络是在量子力学的基础上实现安全信息传输的,并且在网络中有多个节点通过一定的拓扑结构连接而成的。本文首先描述了经典信息与量子信息的区别,并且对目前量子保密通信的发展现状、背景以及实验研究进展做以简要的叙述,然后介绍了量子保密通信的一些理论基础知识,包括量子通信的物理基础,如量子力学的基本假设和量子特有的性质量子纠缠,量子态的性质即量子态的不可克隆和不确定原理,以及两个重要的量子密钥分发协议BB84和B92协议。其次,通过量子保密通信的特点,对量子保密通信网络进行设计,分别从采用不同交换设备的网络互联方式,通信中的最优分段距离,量子通信网络的拓扑结构特点,量子通信网络的业务管理机制,运行模式和密钥使用策略进行分析,再根据局域网和核心网的不同特点,选择的设计参数、运行模式和密钥使用策略也不同。最后先对量子通信网络的仿真模型架构进行设计,以及对不同的模块的功能进行描述,然后介绍本文采用的OPNET网络仿真软件的特点,并且对仿真过程中使用到的参数进行说明。依据对局域网和核心网的设计,进行OPNET仿真。在局域网中,我们对其使用备份中继和没有使用备份中继做以比较,以及查找最优轮询周期进行仿真;在核心网中,我们对其分别使用备份中继和固定中继的数目,以及网络中可以容纳的用户数进行仿真。我们根据参数和仿真结果的不同进行对比和分析来验证设计结果。
[Abstract]:Quantum mechanics has a unique advantage in the processing of classical information. By combining it with informatics, quantum information physics is produced, which is an inevitable trend of development. Therefore, more and more scholars begin to study quantum communication. With the development of the Internet, information security has become a problem that can not be ignored in the society today, and quantum secure communication is an inseparable part of this field. In order to realize unconditional secure communication, we must rely on quantum secure communication. Quantum key is generated by quantum key distribution protocol, and secure communication is realized. However, the key generated by the quantum key distribution protocol is limited and will be changed according to the communication distance, transceiver and so on. Therefore, it is very important to use the quantum key reasonably in the process of multi-user communication. It is necessary to build a reasonable communication network, which is based on quantum mechanics to achieve secure information transmission, and in the network there are many nodes connected by a certain topology. This paper first describes the difference between classical information and quantum information, and gives a brief description of the current development, background and experimental research progress of quantum secure communication, and then introduces some basic theoretical knowledge of quantum secure communication. Including the physical foundations of quantum communication, such as the basic assumptions of quantum mechanics and the unique properties of quantum entanglement, and the properties of quantum states, namely, the principles of non-cloning and uncertainty of quantum states, And two important quantum key distribution protocols: BB84 and B92. Secondly, according to the characteristics of quantum secure communication, the quantum secure communication network is designed, including the network interconnection mode using different switching devices, the optimal segmental distance in the communication, and the topological characteristics of the quantum communication network. The service management mechanism, operation mode and key usage strategy of quantum communication network are analyzed. According to the different characteristics of local area network and core network, the design parameters, operation mode and key usage strategy are also different. Finally, the simulation model architecture of quantum communication network is designed, and the functions of different modules are described. Then the characteristics of the OPNET network simulation software used in this paper are introduced, and the parameters used in the simulation process are explained. According to the design of LAN and core network, OPNET simulation is carried out. In the local area network, we compare the backup relay with the backup relay, and look for the optimal polling period; in the core network, we use the number of backup relay and fixed relay, respectively. And the number of users that can be accommodated in the network is simulated. We compare and analyze the parameters and simulation results to verify the design results.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN918;O413

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