物联网智能无线节点数据采集系统设计与实现

发布时间：2018-05-31 02:16

本文选题：物联网 + 智能　；参考：《东北大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国是一个矿产资源丰富的国家,同时也是世界上为数不多的矿产资源种类齐全、矿产自给程度较高的国家之一。随着经济的蓬勃发展,工业以及其相关行业对矿产的需要日益增大。在采矿工业的快速发展的同时,矿山安全问题及事故不断涌现出来。从造成矿山事故频发的原因来看,主要是由于我国矿山生产自动化程度低,矿山的大型设备如采矿机、液压支架等由于无法在复杂环境中获得其运动轨迹信息而导致设备仍然需要借助于人工干预才能完成自动化采矿工作,所以我们急切需要新的技术来彻底改变这一现状。随着物联网、认知无线电、无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks, WSN)技术的蓬勃发展,我们便有了一种全新的理念来解决目前的现状。所以本文针对在复杂情况下无法监测运动物体的运动轨迹这一技术难点,设计了新型的智能无线节点数据采集系统,本系统的智能无线数据采集节点可以在复杂的环境中实时捕捉物体的运动轨迹,并且通过无线收发方式传把采集到的数据发送到汇聚节点。本系统由于采用OMAP-L138新型的数据处理芯片,使得系统具有超强的运算能力,在无线发送方面,我们采用发射芯片和射频增距芯片的新型设计使得信号发送距离更远。因为我们系统采用无线传感器节点的方式来实现实时监控,所以使得我们的系统具有功耗低、成本低、体积小等优点。考虑到近几年物联网快速发展,不同功能的传感器节点日益增多,所以对传感器节点进行了智能化的处理,传感器节点的智能化也必然是物联网日后发展的趋势。综上所述,本系统在监测运动物体的轨迹领域有着重要的理论以及实践意义。本文的主要工作有：第一,设计了系统的总体方案,从功能、硬件以及软件需求出发设计了整个系统的结构主要包括汇聚节点以及数据采集传感器节点；第二,设计了传感器节点的硬件以及软件部分,主要包括传感器芯片、发射芯片、天线以及外围电路元器件的选择,以及各个芯片的电路设计和接口电路设计,最后制成PCB板并且完成相应的驱动设计；第三,设计了针对本系统的通信协议,该协议充分考虑了实用性、扩展性、高效性等特点。
[Abstract]:China is a country rich in mineral resources, but also one of the few countries in the world with complete mineral resources and high degree of mineral self-sufficiency. With the rapid development of economy, industry and its related industries need more and more minerals. With the rapid development of mining industry, mine safety problems and accidents emerge constantly. Judging from the causes of frequent accidents in mines, it is mainly due to the low degree of automation of mine production in China, and the large equipment in mines, such as mining machines, Because the hydraulic support can not obtain its motion track information in the complex environment, the equipment still needs manual intervention to complete the automatic mining work, so we urgently need new technology to completely change this situation. With the rapid development of Internet of things, cognitive radio, wireless sensor network and wireless Sensor Networks, WSN) technology, we have a new concept to solve the current situation. Therefore, a new intelligent wireless node data acquisition system is designed in this paper, aiming at the difficulty of monitoring the moving track of moving object under complex circumstances. The intelligent wireless data acquisition node of this system can capture the moving track of the object in complex environment in real time, and transmit the collected data to the convergent node by wireless transceiver. Because of the new data processing chip of OMAP-L138, the system has super computing ability. In wireless transmission, we adopt the new design of transmitting chip and RF increasing distance chip to make the signal transmit distance further. Because our system uses wireless sensor nodes to achieve real-time monitoring, so our system has the advantages of low power consumption, low cost, small size and so on. Considering the rapid development of the Internet of things in recent years and the increasing number of sensor nodes with different functions, the intelligent sensor nodes are treated intelligently, and the intellectualization of sensor nodes is bound to be the trend of the development of the Internet of things in the future. In conclusion, the system has important theoretical and practical significance in monitoring the trajectory of moving objects. The main work of this paper is as follows: first, the overall scheme of the system is designed. The structure of the whole system is mainly composed of convergent node and data acquisition sensor node from the point of view of function, hardware and software requirements. The hardware and software of the sensor node are designed, including the selection of sensor chip, transmitter chip, antenna and peripheral circuit components, as well as the circuit design and interface circuit design of each chip. Finally, the PCB board is made and the corresponding driver design is completed. Thirdly, the communication protocol for this system is designed, which fully considers the characteristics of practicability, expansibility and efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP274.2;TP391.44;TN929.5

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