星地联合测轨试验地面站位置与姿态精密测量技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 08:19

本文选题：星地联合测轨试验 + 位置测量　；参考：《国防科学技术大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文的主题是移动站位置与姿态精密测量技术的研究。在星地联合测轨试验中,精确测定移动站位置姿态参量是试验能够正常进行的先决条件,由于移动站的机动性特点,其位置姿态参量不能事先测定,需要进行实时测量。同时移动站的位置坐标作为试验测量结果的原始基准参量,须具备精密计量特性,因此,需要对其进行精密溯源。本论文围绕如何实时测定移动站的位置姿态参量,并使之具备精密计量特性‖这一基本问题,对移动站位置与姿态精密测量的三个关键技术问题展开研究。(1)位置与姿态精密测量方法问题。根据移动站的机动性特点,常规的大地测量方法无法胜任实时精确测定移动站位置的任务。而在姿态测量方法中,惯性导航方法不仅造价昂贵,而且在实际应用中须已知移动站的初始姿态信息,给工程实践带来不便。因此,探索适用于移动站的位置与姿态精密测量方法问题是本论文要研究的第一个关键技术问题。(2)实时测量系统设计问题。关于车辆位置与姿态精密测量的实时测量系统目前还处理理论研究阶段,针对移动站位置姿态信息的测量没有现成可用的实时测量系统,需要对其进行设计。因此,如何设计实时测量系统来实现移动站位置与姿态的测量,并采用什么技术手段来提高其测量精度,成为本论文要研究的第二个关键技术问题。(3)大地坐标的精密溯源问题。基于传统的基线长度溯源方法受天气以及通视性等因素的影响,不能实现对移动站位置坐标的精密溯源。因此,探索适用于移动站位置坐标精密溯源的方法问题成为本论文的第三个关键技术手段问题。为解决第一个关键技术问题,论文研究了常规的位置姿态测量方法,并探索出利用卫星定位测姿方法可以实现移动站位置姿态的实时测量;为解决第二个关键技术问题,论文基于三个天线的安装约束关系,研究了三测点联合位置姿态解算方法,并根据该技术的需求设计了实时测量系统的技术方案;为解决第三个关键技术问题,论文研究了将移动站位置坐标精密溯源到IGS跟踪站坐标可行性,并探索出利用GAMIT软件实现移动站位置坐标精密溯源的方法。论文根据设计的实时测量系统技术方案,对移动站位置姿态的测量展开实验,结果表明,设计的实时测量系统技术方案现实可行,解算结果能够满足星地联合测轨试验对移动站位置姿态的精度要求,达到了论文预期的目的。
[Abstract]:The subject of this paper is the research of precise measurement technology of position and attitude of mobile station. In the joint satellite and earth orbit test, the accurate determination of the position and attitude parameters of the mobile station is a prerequisite for the normal performance of the test. Due to the mobility of the mobile station, the position and attitude parameters cannot be determined in advance, so it is necessary to carry out real-time measurement. At the same time, the position coordinates of the mobile station as the original datum parameters of the test results must have the precision metering characteristic, therefore, it is necessary to trace the precise source of them. This paper focuses on how to measure the position and attitude parameters of the mobile station in real time and make it have precise metering characteristics. In this paper, three key technical problems in precise measurement of position and attitude of mobile station are studied. According to the mobility of mobile station, the conventional geodetic method can not be used to accurately determine the position of mobile station in real time. In attitude determination method, inertial navigation method is not only expensive, but also need to know the initial attitude information of mobile station in practical application, which brings inconvenience to engineering practice. Therefore, it is the first key technical problem in this paper to explore the position and attitude precision measurement method suitable for mobile station, which is the design problem of real-time measurement system. The real-time measurement system for precise vehicle position and attitude measurement is still in the stage of theoretical research. There is no ready-made real-time measurement system for the position and attitude information of mobile station, so it is necessary to design it. Therefore, how to design a real-time measurement system to measure the position and attitude of a mobile station, and how to improve its measurement accuracy, has become the second key technical problem in this paper. Based on the traditional base-line length traceability method which is influenced by weather and visibility the precise traceability of mobile station position coordinates can not be realized. Therefore, it is the third key technical problem in this paper to explore the method which is suitable for precise traceability of mobile station position coordinates. In order to solve the first key technical problem, this paper studies the conventional position and attitude measurement methods, and explores that the satellite positioning and attitude determination method can be used to realize the real-time measurement of the mobile station position attitude, in order to solve the second key technical problem, Based on the installation constraint relation of the three antennas, this paper studies the joint position and attitude calculation method of the three measuring points, and designs the technical scheme of the real-time measurement system according to the requirement of the technology, in order to solve the third key technical problem, This paper studies the feasibility of accurately tracing the position coordinate of mobile station to the coordinate of IGS tracking station, and explores the method of realizing precise tracing of position coordinate of mobile station by using GAMIT software. According to the technical scheme of the real-time measurement system, the experiment is carried out to measure the position and attitude of the mobile station. The results show that the technical scheme of the real-time measurement system is practical and feasible. The calculation results can meet the precision requirements of the satellite and ground joint orbit determination test on the position and attitude of the mobile station, and achieve the expected purpose of the paper.
【学位授予单位】：国防科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN967.1

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