飞机无线传感器热能与振动能综合能量收集自供电技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 12:37

本文选题：飞机 + 能量采集　；参考：《南京航空航天大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：利用分布式无线传感器节点对飞机结构参数进行实时在线监测具有十分重要的意义。通常这些无线传感器节点采用干电池供电,但由于节点数量多、分布广且干电池能量有限,而采用机载电源供电将导致布线变得复杂,既不现实也不经济。因此解决这些无线传感器节点的供电问题显得格外重要。本文首先阐述了在飞机上利用具备能量收集功能的自供电传感器节点进行结构参数监测的必要性以及复合能量收集技术在国内外的发展现状,并调研了飞机飞行时的温度环境和振动环境特点,为能量收集传感器的设计提供依据。本文在研究了已有的振动能与温差能收集技术的基础上,提出了一种可同时收集热能与振动能的复合能量收集传感器。其中,针对温差能收集提出了热电发电器(Thermoelectric Generator,TEG)能量收集模块的自适应阻抗匹配方案,该方案采用基于PID控制算法的脉宽调制(Pulse Width Modulation,PWM)技术实现了源端与负载的自适应阻抗匹配,从而获得了最大输出功率;而针对振动能收集则采用了高精确开关控制的同步电荷提取技术(Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction,SECE)对压电能量收集模块进行了高效电荷提取。除此之外,针对系统启动时微控制器处于掉电状态而无法进行高效收集的情况,提出了一种电压启动电路,从而实现掉电模式与上电模式的切换。最后,通过实验分别验证了每个模块的功能,并制作了样机进行性能测试,结果表明本文提出的方案可以有效地提高能量收集的效率和输出的电功率,具有很大的可行性。
[Abstract]:It is of great significance to use distributed wireless sensor nodes for real-time online monitoring of aircraft structural parameters. Usually, these wireless sensor nodes are powered by dry batteries, but because of the number of nodes, wide distribution and limited battery energy, the use of airborne power supply will lead to complex wiring, both unrealistic and unrealistic. Therefore, it is very important to solve the power supply problem of these wireless sensor nodes. Firstly, this paper expounds the necessity of using the self power supply sensor node with energy collection function to monitor the structure parameters on aircraft and the development status of the composite energy collection technology at home and abroad, and investigates the temperature of aircraft flying. The environment and vibration environment features provide the basis for the design of energy collecting sensors. On the basis of the study of the existing techniques for collecting vibration energy and temperature difference energy, a composite energy collection sensor which can collect both heat and vibration energy simultaneously is proposed. In this paper, a thermoelectric generator (Thermoelectric Gener) is proposed for the collection of thermoelectric energy. Ator, TEG) the adaptive impedance matching scheme of the energy collection module. The scheme uses the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technology based on PID control algorithm (PWM) to achieve the adaptive impedance matching between the source and the load, thus obtaining the maximum output power, while the synchronous charge controlled by high precision switch is adopted for the collection of the vibration energy. Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction (SECE) is an efficient charge extraction for the piezoelectric energy collection module. In addition, a voltage starting circuit is proposed to switch off the power off mode and the power mode. After the experiment, the function of each module is verified and the performance test of the prototype is made. The results show that the proposed scheme can effectively improve the efficiency of energy collection and the output power. It has great feasibility.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：V242;TP212.9;TN929.5

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