传感网基于接收信号强度的密钥生成匹配性的研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 16:53

本文选题：无线传感器网络 + RSS　；参考：《西安电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络作为新一代的信息获取和处理技术在诸多领域得到了广泛应用,其安全问题也成为无线传感器网络研究的热点之一。为保障无线传感器网络的安全,其中一个比较重要的防范机制是在通信时采用有效的密钥。近些年来,基于无线信道的物理特性生成密钥方法被认为是一种有效替代传统安全的设计。国内外学者在这方面也做了大量研究,但是现有的密钥的生成方案,还存在密钥匹配性不高,熵低等问题。论文在深入研究了无线传感器网络概念、特性、信道通信特性以及所面临的安全问题和挑战的基础上,对现有基于信道接收信号强度(RSS)生成密钥的方法进行改进,提出了一种基于RSS的自适应密钥生成协议,有效的提高了生成密钥的匹配率以及熵值。该协议在现有对RSS值均值恢复的基础上进行进一步预处理,即去除差值较大的RSS对,以减小环境噪声对于通信双方采集到RSS值的影响;设计了两种可以提高密钥匹配率的量化方案,均值均匀量化方案和均值非均匀量化方案,通信双方采用共同的量化阈值进行量化;最后对量化结果进行进一步后处理,去除量化过程中处于中间区域的RSS值,使双方获得相对匹配的密钥。本文采用crossbow公司的MICAz和MIB520CA作为硬件平台,以TinyOS系统和Nesc语言为开发工具,在不同真实场景下,使用传感器采集数据,通过软件模拟协议处理数据;将协议中涉及到的可变参数设为不同的值,进而对比本文所提出协议与现有协议在位失配率、密钥比特率和密钥熵值方面的性能;系统的分析了这些可变参数对协议性能的影响。实验结果表明:一方面,验证了本文对现有方案进行的改进措施,相比现有密钥生成方案,均可以在一定程度上提高密钥的匹配率以及熵值。另一方面,去掉双方之间差值(D_value)较大的RSS值,对最后生成密钥的熵值影响不大,当D_value逐渐变小的时候,就会使密钥比特率快速下降;通信双方之间进行均值恢复时,计算?时选取的块长度w增大的时候,可以降低位失配率,且对最后生成密钥的熵值和密钥比特率影响不大;量化等级q_level变大的时候,位失配率也随之增大,但同时也可增加密钥的熵值和密钥比特率。
[Abstract]:As a new generation of information acquisition and processing technology, wireless sensor networks have been widely used in many fields. The security problem has become one of the hotspots in wireless sensor networks. In order to ensure the security of wireless sensor networks, one of the most important mechanisms is to use effective keys in communication in recent years. The method of generating key based on the physical characteristics of wireless channel is considered to be an effective alternative to the traditional security design. Scholars at home and abroad have also done a lot of research in this field, but the existing key generation scheme also has the problem of low key matching and low entropy. On the basis of channel communication characteristics and the security problems and challenges faced, a new method based on the existing channel receiving signal intensity (RSS) generation key is improved. An adaptive key generation protocol based on RSS is proposed, which effectively improves the matching rate and entropy of the generation key. The protocol restores the mean value of the RSS value at present. On the basis of further preprocessing, that is, to remove the RSS pair with large difference to reduce the influence of environmental noise to the RSS value of the two parties, two kinds of quantization schemes, which can improve the key matching rate, are designed, mean uniform quantization scheme and mean mean nonuniform quantization scheme. Then the quantization result is further processed to remove the RSS value in the middle area in the quantization process, so that both sides get the relative matching key. In this paper, the MICAz and MIB520CA of crossbow company are used as the hardware platform, and the TinyOS system and Nesc language are used as the development tools. Simulation protocol processing data; set the variable parameters involved in the protocol to different values, and then compare the performance of the proposed protocol and the incumbent rate, the key bit rate and the key entropy value of the existing protocol. The system analyses the effect of these variable parameters on the protocol performance. The improvement measures of the existing schemes can improve the matching rate and entropy of the key to a certain extent compared with the existing key generation schemes. On the other hand, removing the large RSS value of the difference between the two sides (D_value) has little influence on the entropy value of the final key. When the D_value gradually becomes smaller, the key bit rate will be fast. When the mean recovery between the two sides of the communication is restored, the bit mismatch rate can be reduced when the selected block length w increases, and it has little effect on the entropy value and key bit rate of the final key. When the quantization level q_level becomes larger, the bit mismatch rate increases as well, but it can also increase the entropy and key bit rate of the key.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN918.4;TN929.5;TP212.9

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