机载LiDAR点云数据滤波方法研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 04:22

本文选题：机载激光雷达 + 点云数据　；参考：《中南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：机载激光雷达是一种能够自动快速的获取高精度、高密度的地球表面三维坐标信息的新型遥感技术。机载激光雷达技术是一种以飞机为平台,集激光测距技术、动态GPS差分技术、动态高精度姿态测量单元于一体的主动对地观测技术。机载激光雷达系统获取的是被测目标的三维坐标数据,这些数据是一系列空间分布不均匀的离散点云数据,如何对这些数据进行滤波是目前国内外的研究热点,目前现有滤波算法基本都不能自适应各种复杂的地形。本文研究的主要内容是介绍了机载激光雷达技术的发展过程,分析了机载激光雷达各个组成部分的特点,系统的工作原理,激光扫描仪的工作方式,以及系统的误差来源。比较了机载激光雷达系统相对于传统摄影测量的特点,进一步探讨了激光雷达点云数据的特点、组织方式和其标准格式。然后深入研究总结了现有的滤波算法,现有的滤波算法主要有两种：基于传统的航空影像分类的原理；基于高程突变的原理。现有的算法绝大多数都是基于高程突变的原理,在此基础上本文提出了基于曲率的LiDAR点云数据剖析面带滤波算法,以及基于TIN剔除非地面点生成DEM,并通过实验论证了滤波算法的可行性、自适应性以及滤波效果。
[Abstract]:Airborne lidar is a new type of remote sensing technology which can automatically and quickly obtain the 3D coordinate information of the earth's surface with high precision and density. Airborne lidar technology is a kind of active earth observation technology which is based on aircraft platform, integrates laser ranging technology, dynamic GPS differential technology and dynamic high-precision attitude measurement unit. The airborne lidar system acquires 3D coordinate data of the target under test. These data are a series of discrete point cloud data with uneven spatial distribution. How to filter these data is a hot research topic at home and abroad. At present, the existing filtering algorithms can not adapt to various complex terrain. The main content of this paper is to introduce the development process of airborne lidar technology, and analyze the characteristics of each component of airborne lidar. The working principle of the system, the working mode of laser scanner, and the error source of the system. Compared with the traditional photogrammetry, the characteristics, organization and standard format of the point cloud data of the airborne lidar are discussed. Then the existing filtering algorithms are studied and summarized. There are two main filtering algorithms: based on the traditional theory of airborne image classification and based on the principle of elevation mutation. Most of the existing algorithms are based on the principle of elevation abrupt change. On this basis, a curvature based LiDAR point cloud data analysis surface band filtering algorithm is proposed in this paper. Based on tin, the non-ground point generation is generated, and the feasibility, adaptability and filtering effect of the filtering algorithm are demonstrated by experiments.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：P225.1

【引证文献】