无线传感器网络中协作式MIMO技术能量有效性研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 13:08

本文选题：无线传感器网络 + 协作式MIMO　；参考：《湖北工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络已经广泛应用在军事、工业监控、环境监测和精细农业等领域，在大部分应用场景，传感器节点是由能量有限的电池供电，而电池通常难以及时进行充电或更换。因此，，提高能量效率有非常重要的意义。无线通信能耗是短距离通信为主的无线传感器网络能耗主要来源，多入多出（Multi-inputMulti-output，简称MIMO）技术通过在发射端和接收端上配置多根天线来获取分集增益、复用增益和干扰管理等优势，在相同的系统性能要求下显著降低无线通信的能耗。但是普通的无线传感器节点受成本、体积和功率消耗等因素的限制，无法直接在无线传感器节点上配置多根天线来实现MIMO通信。而协作式MIMO技术通过多个单根天线的无线传感器节点构成虚拟的天线阵列以协作的方式进行传输，可以在相同的系统性能要求下显著降低无线传感器节点的无线通信能耗。因此，协作式MIMO技术被众多研究人员视为提高无线传感器网络能量有效性，延长网络生存时间的解决方案之一。但是真正将协作式MIMO技术应用到无线传感器网络中仍有以下问题需要解决或完善：如何建立精确的协作式MIMO传输能耗的数学模型、如何优化协作式MIMO传输的通信参数和针对特定的应用环境如何设计能量高效的协作式MIMO传输策略。本文得到了国家自然科学基金项目“面向钻井工程实时监测的协作式MIMO无线传感器网络应用研究”（No.51174084）的资助。本文以提高无线传感器网络的能量有效性为目标，围绕如何优化单信源组成的协作式MIMO系统的通信参数和设计能量有效的协作式MISO传输策略展开分析和研究。本文的研究内容主要包括以下两个方面： 1）针对现有的协作式MIMO技术能量有效性研究大多是基于固定的调制方式或者固定的协作节点数，没有考虑自适应速率调制或协作节点数可变的情况这一问题，本文以无线传感器网络中单信源组成的协作式MIMO系统采用基于STBC方案、基于V-BLAST方案和基于协作波束形成方案的能耗优化问题进行了研究，提出了一种针对调制参数、协作节点数进行两步优化的方法，达到了有效降低系统总能耗，提高能量有效性的目的。 2)针对现有的基于协作式MISO技术的网络生存时间研究大多是基于单一的单跳传输策略或多跳传输策略，单一的基于协作式MISO单跳传输或基于协作式MISO多跳传输易导致簇的能耗不均衡的问题，提出了一种基于协作式MISO的单跳传输和多跳传输相结合的混合传输策略，该策略实现了有效地提高能量有效性，延长了网络生存时间的目的。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor networks have been widely used in military, industrial monitoring, environmental monitoring and fine agriculture. In most application scenarios, sensor nodes are powered by batteries with limited energy. Batteries are often hard to charge or replace in time. Therefore, it is very important to improve energy efficiency. Wireless communication energy consumption is the main source of energy consumption in wireless sensor networks based on short distance communication. Multi-input Multi-Output (Mimo) technology can obtain diversity gain, multiplexing gain and interference management by configuring multiple antennas on the transmitter and receiver. The energy consumption of wireless communication is significantly reduced under the same system performance requirements. However, the common wireless sensor nodes are limited by the cost, volume and power consumption, so it is impossible to directly configure multiple antennas on the wireless sensor nodes to achieve MIMO communication. Cooperative MIMO technology is transmitted by virtual antenna array through multiple wireless sensor nodes with single antenna, which can significantly reduce the wireless communication energy consumption of wireless sensor nodes under the same system performance requirements. Therefore, cooperative MIMO technology is regarded by many researchers as one of the solutions to improve the energy efficiency and prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. But there are still some problems that need to be solved or perfected in the application of cooperative MIMO technology to wireless sensor networks: how to establish a precise mathematical model of cooperative MIMO transmission energy consumption. How to optimize the communication parameters of cooperative MIMO transmission and how to design an energy-efficient cooperative MIMO transmission strategy for a specific application environment. This paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China "Cooperative MIMO Wireless Sensor Network Application Research for drilling Engineering Real-time Monitoring" No. 51174084. Aiming at improving the energy efficiency of wireless sensor networks, this paper focuses on how to optimize the communication parameters of cooperative MIMO systems composed of single source and design a cooperative miso transmission strategy with energy efficiency. The research contents of this paper mainly include the following two aspects: 1) most of the existing cooperative MIMO technology energy efficiency research is based on a fixed modulation or fixed number of cooperative nodes. The problem of adaptive rate modulation or variable number of cooperative nodes is not considered in this paper. In this paper, a cooperative MIMO system based on STBC is proposed, which is composed of single source in wireless sensor networks. The energy consumption optimization problem based on V-BLAST scheme and cooperative beamforming scheme is studied. A two-step optimization method for modulation parameters and cooperative node points is proposed, which can effectively reduce the total energy consumption of the system. The purpose of improving energy efficiency. 2) in view of the existing network lifetime research based on cooperative miso technology, most of the researches are based on a single single-hop transmission strategy or multi-hop transmission strategy. Single cooperative miso single-hop transmission or cooperative miso multi-hop transmission is prone to lead to uneven energy consumption of clusters. A hybrid transmission strategy based on cooperative miso is proposed, which combines single-hop transmission and multi-hop transmission. This strategy can effectively improve the energy efficiency and prolong the network lifetime.
【学位授予单位】：湖北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN919.3

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