面向结构误差的有源相控阵天线电性能补偿方法

发布时间：2018-06-17 04:53

本文选题：有源相控阵天线 + 机电耦合　；参考：《西安电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：有源相控阵天线(APAA)因其可靠性高、功能多、探测和跟踪能力强、隐身性能好等无可比拟的优势,已经广泛应用于各种雷达系统中。APAA阵面在加工、装配过程中会导致阵面产生随机误差;天线工作时,振动、冲击、高热功耗等又会引起阵面变形。阵面的随机误差和阵面变形都会引入阵元位置误差,引起天线电性能恶化,因此需对APAA的电性能进行补偿。本文基于前人对APAA机电耦合理论研究的基础上,在不考虑单元方向图和阵元互耦的情况下,分别研究了相位调整、基于最小二乘法的激励幅相调整和基于FFT法的激励幅相调整等三种电性能补偿方法的补偿原理及补偿过程,并对其补偿效果进行了研究,主要包括以下内容:首先,本文介绍了APAA中结构-电磁耦合模型,基于耦合模型分析了结构误差对天线电性能的影响,当结构误差超过某一量级时,电性能不达标,需要对电性能进行补偿。其次,基于APAA机电耦合理论,讨论了三种电性能补偿方法的计算原理及其效果。(1)相位调整法:利用APAA机电耦合模型,计算由阵元位置误差引起的空间相位附加因子,调整激励电流相位抵消空间相位附加因子,实现对天线电性能的补偿。由算例仿真结果可以看出,相位调整法对波束指向偏差补偿效果明显。(2)基于最小二乘法的幅相调整:利用APAA机电耦合模型,建立理想方向图和误差方向图函数表达式,基于最小二乘法思想,理想方向图和误差方向图之间差值的最小二乘解即为补偿激励电流。由算例仿真结果可以看出,基于最小二乘的幅相调整法对增益、副瓣及波束指向等电性能补偿效果明显。(3)基于FFT法的幅相调整:结合FFT法在天线方向图计算中的应用,建立天线方向图函数和激励电流间的傅立叶转换关系,将误差方向图中的结构误差项通过傅立叶变换转换到激励电流中,将结构误差的影响等效为电流的变化,然后调整激励电流幅度和相位实现对天线电性能的补偿。由算例仿真结果可以看出,基于FFT法的激励幅相调整法对增益、副瓣及波束指向等电性能补偿效果较好。最后,对三种电性能补偿方法的适用范围做了比较,并对全文内容进行了总结,对下一步工作提出了研究展望。
[Abstract]:APAA (active phased Array Antenna) has been widely used in various radar systems because of its unparalleled advantages such as high reliability, multi-function, strong detection and tracking ability, good stealth performance, etc. During the assembly process, random errors will be produced in the array surface, while the antenna will be distorted by vibration, shock, high thermal power consumption and so on. Both the random error and the deformation of the array surface will introduce the position error of the array elements, which will cause the deterioration of the electrical performance of the antenna, so it is necessary to compensate the electrical performance of the APAA. In this paper, based on the previous research on APAA electromechanical coupling theory, phase adjustment is studied without considering the mutual coupling of element pattern and element. The compensation principle and compensation process of three electrical performance compensation methods based on the least square method and FFT method are studied, and the compensation effect is studied. The main contents are as follows: first of all, In this paper, the structure-electromagnetic coupling model in APAA is introduced. Based on the coupling model, the influence of the structural error on the electrical performance of the antenna is analyzed. When the structural error exceeds a certain order of magnitude, the electrical performance does not meet the standard, and the electrical performance needs to be compensated. Secondly, based on the APAA electromechanical coupling theory, the calculation principle and effect of three electrical performance compensation methods are discussed. The APAA electromechanical coupling model is used to calculate the spatial phase addition factor caused by the position error of the array element. Adjusting the exciting current phase canceling the spatial phase additional factor to realize the compensation of the antenna electrical performance. The simulation results show that the effect of phase adjustment on the compensation of beam direction deviation is obvious. The amplitude and phase adjustment based on the least square method is used. By using the APAA electromechanical coupling model, the function expressions of ideal pattern and error direction diagram are established. Based on the idea of least square method, the least square solution of the difference between ideal pattern and error pattern is called compensation current. The simulation results show that the amplitude and phase adjustment method based on least squares has obvious compensation effect on gain, sidelobe and beam pointing. The amplitude and phase adjustment based on FFT method is applied to antenna pattern calculation. The Fourier transform relation between the antenna pattern function and the excitation current is established. The structural error term in the error pattern is transformed into the excitation current by Fourier transform, and the effect of the structure error is equivalent to the change of the current. Then the amplitude and phase of excitation current are adjusted to compensate the electric performance of antenna. The simulation results show that the amplitude and phase adjustment method based on FFT method has good compensation effect on gain sidelobe and beam pointing. Finally, the application scope of three kinds of electrical performance compensation methods is compared, and the content of the whole paper is summarized, and the research prospect of the next work is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN821.8

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