激光三维成像雷达光学系统

发布时间：2018-06-20 13:34

本文选题：激光雷达 + 三维成像　；参考：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前关于非扫描激光三维技术的研究主要集中在相位法、多狭缝条纹光以及焦平面阵列三个方向。但是这三种方法也分别存在探测距离不远、需要真空装置,结构复杂以及无法获取灰度信息等缺点。激光三维成像雷达是摄影技术与距离探测技术的相结合后的产物,通过对目标一维信息的成像,并通过测量平台的另一维平移来实现二维信息的获取,加之利用激光的飞行时间得到的距离信息得到目标完整的三维信息。借助现代计算机技术将现实世界中得到的信息在虚拟的三维坐标空间内逆向重建再现目标的空间三维特征。作为当前三维信息获取最快捷有效的技术手段之一,其在军事侦察、灾害救援、数字城市以及农林生态等领域都有广泛应用。本文提出了一种新颖的激光三维成像技术,该技术在发射端将激光束整形成一窄带状光束并将光束在空间上分成多个区段,每一段内都进行编码,这样每一段都有了区别于其他段的身份信息；在接收端通过将每一段内对应序列的光束合并在一个传感器单元进行接收,这样就减少了所需传感器单元的数量,可以用象元数目较少的面阵光电传感器实现高分辨率的三维成像。相比于其他三维成像技术,该技术具有成像速率高,探测视场角大,结构简单,体积小易于集成化等优点。本文阐述了激光三维成像雷达技术的工作原理,重点介绍了光学系统的设计方案并详细分析了光学系统中涉及的关键技术,包括光束整形、编码以及利用光纤传像束进行光束耦合等,最后通过实验验证了光学系统的性能。
[Abstract]:At present, the research of nonscanning laser 3D technology mainly focuses on three directions: phase method, multi-slit fringe light and focal plane array. However, these three methods also have the disadvantages of not far detection distance, need vacuum device, complex structure and unable to obtain gray information. The laser three-dimensional imaging radar is the result of the combination of photography and range detection technology. The acquisition of two-dimensional information is realized by imaging the one-dimensional information of the target and translating the other one dimension of the measuring platform. In addition, the complete three-dimensional information of the target is obtained by using the distance information obtained from the time of flight of the laser. With the help of modern computer technology, the information obtained in the real world is reversely reconstructed in the virtual three-dimensional coordinate space to reconstruct the three-dimensional features of the object. As one of the most efficient and efficient methods to obtain 3D information, it is widely used in military reconnaissance, disaster rescue, digital city, agriculture and forestry ecology and so on. In this paper, a novel 3D laser imaging technique is proposed, in which the laser beam is integrated into a narrow band beam at the transmitter, and the beam is divided into several sections in space, and each segment is encoded. In this way, each segment has identity information that is different from the other segments; it is received at the receiving end by combining the beams corresponding to the sequence in each segment into one sensor unit, thus reducing the number of sensor units required, High resolution three-dimensional imaging can be realized by using a small number of pixel array photoelectric sensors. Compared with other 3D imaging techniques, this technique has the advantages of high imaging rate, large field of view angle, simple structure, small size and easy integration. In this paper, the working principle of laser three-dimensional imaging radar technology is described, and the design scheme of optical system is introduced, and the key technologies involved in optical system, including beam shaping, are analyzed in detail. Finally, the performance of the optical system is verified by experiments.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN958.98

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