无线传感网拓扑控制算法研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 11:29

本文选题：拓扑控制 + 层次型分簇　；参考：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：无线传感网（Wireless Sensor Network, WSN）作为一种重要的数据采集、信息获取网络，具有低成本、低功耗、分布式与自组织等特点，一直以来都是信息领域研究的热点之一，具有非常广阔的应用前景，能够广泛应用于农业、医疗、建筑和军事等领域。然而，传感器节点能量有限使对无线传感网研究和应用面临很大的挑战，减少节点能量消耗、延长网络生存周期是无线传感网技术研究的重要方向。网络拓扑控制可以优化网络的拓扑结构，为路由协议、目标定位、时间同步和数据融合等提供基础，是无线传感网的核心支撑技术之一，它能够有效的延长整个网络的生存周期。因此，研究能量高效的拓扑控制算法具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。本论文首先介绍了无线传感网的体系结构和关键技术，分析了网络拓扑控制的重要性、拓扑结构的优化意义，并讨论了网络拓扑控制的设计目标。其次，从功率控制及层次型分簇拓扑控制两方面研究网络拓扑控制算法，详细分析了无线传感网中的一些比较典型的拓扑控制算法。最后，选择层次型分簇拓扑控制算法中具有代表性的LEACH算法作为本课题的研究对象。本论文针对LEACH算法存在的不足提出了一种能量高效的拓扑控制算法（Energy-Efficient Topology Control Algorithm，EETCA）。EETCA算法针对无线传感网中节点能量消耗不均匀的问题，，以均衡全网的能量消耗为目标，从簇头的选择、簇的建立和稳定阶段数据传输三个方面对LEACH算法进行改进。在簇头的选举中，考虑节点的剩余能量，保证每轮选举最佳节点当选簇头；簇的形成综合考虑了簇的规模，防止簇头节点因为簇的规模过大而过早死亡；数据稳定传输阶段，簇头与Sink节点间的通信采用多跳路由方式，平衡网络负载。改进的EETCA算法可以有效的避免部分节点能量消耗过快，从而均衡了整个网络的负载、延长了网络的生存周期。仿真结果表明：EETCA算法在网络剩余能量、节点存活个数等方面均优于原来的LEACH算法和EB-LEACH算法，延长了整个网络的生存周期。
[Abstract]:Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), as an important data acquisition and information acquisition network, has the characteristics of low cost, low power consumption, distributed and self-organization. Has a very broad application prospects, can be widely used in agriculture, medicine, construction and military and other fields. However, the limited energy of sensor nodes makes the research and application of wireless sensor networks face great challenges. Reducing node energy consumption and prolonging the lifetime of wireless sensor networks is an important research direction of wireless sensor networks. Network topology control can optimize the network topology and provide the basis for routing protocol, target location, time synchronization and data fusion. It is one of the core supporting technologies of wireless sensor network. It can effectively prolong the lifetime of the whole network. Therefore, the study of energy efficient topology control algorithm has important theoretical significance and application value. This paper first introduces the architecture and key technologies of wireless sensor network, analyzes the importance of network topology control, the significance of topology optimization, and discusses the design objectives of network topology control. Secondly, network topology control algorithms are studied from power control and hierarchical clustering topology control, and some typical topology control algorithms in wireless sensor networks are analyzed in detail. Finally, Leach algorithm, which is representative of hierarchical clustering topology control algorithm, is selected as the research object of this paper. Aiming at the deficiency of Leach algorithm, this paper proposes an energy-efficient topology control algorithm (Energy-EETCA) .EETCA to solve the problem of uneven energy consumption of nodes in wireless sensor networks, aiming at balancing the energy consumption of the whole network, selecting cluster heads. The Leach algorithm is improved in three aspects: the establishment of cluster and the data transmission in stable stage. In the election of cluster head, the residual energy of nodes is considered to ensure that the best node is elected as cluster head; the formation of cluster considers the scale of cluster synthetically to prevent cluster head node from dying prematurely because of the oversize of cluster; at the stage of data stable transmission, The communication between cluster head and sink node adopts multi-hop routing to balance network load. The improved EETCA algorithm can effectively avoid the excessive energy consumption of some nodes, thus balancing the load of the whole network and prolonging the lifetime of the network. The simulation results show that the weight EETCA algorithm is superior to the original Leach algorithm and EB-LEACH algorithm in the residual energy of the network and the number of nodes surviving, thus prolonging the lifetime of the whole network.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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