基于移动锚节点的无线传感网三维节点定位方法研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 13:25

本文选题：无线传感网 + 三维定位　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)在智能医疗监护、环境监控、军事侦察等诸多领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。WSN在诸多领域的应用都需要对节点自身位置的定位,离开了位置信息,WSN感知的数据也就失去了意义。目前WSN定位技术的研究主要集中在二维平面,而现实环境中的传感器节点基本都分布在三维场景中。因此,研究具有高精度、低成本、低能耗的无线传感器网络三维空间节点定位技术及求精方法已成为目前WSN研究最重要的方向之一。首先,本文综述了无线传感器网络的研究背景、意义以及支撑WSN网络的关键技术,同时对无线传感器定位技术以及目前国内外发展现状,特别是对目前定位技术中具有代表性的定位模型、算法进行了阐述。随后介绍了定位技术的相关概念、性能指标及其分类。其次,定位技术的定位精度很大程度上取决于WSN网络中锚节点密度的大小,而锚节点的多少直接决定网络成本的高低。另外,国内外研究目前大多停留在二维层面,对三维空间下的定位技术研究还不充分。因此,本文对三维空间下基于移动锚节点辅助定位技术进行了学习后,提出改进算法:在三维场景下基于接收信号强度指示(Received Signal Strength Indicator,RSSI)测距并利用移动锚节点辅助定位算法,同时,采用移动锚节点按照改进轨迹移动,不仅能够实现三维定位,而且可以解决在固定锚节点较少环境下对未知节点的定位问题。再次,RSSI测距硬件要求低,定位精度较高,但RSSI测距需要依靠传感器节点接收信号的强弱来实现定位,容易被环境等因素所干扰,导致由RSSI得出的位置信息存在着一定误差,本文通过对RSSI测距的原理、影响因素、其改进算法ERSS的学习研究后,在ERSS算法的基础上对RSSI值进行修正,对符合ERSS条件的RSSI值通过加权质心算法,再进行扩展卡尔曼滤波处理,实现对RSSI的优选,从而提高定位精度。最后,通过Matlab搭建了一个能够适用于多种算法的公共平台,通过仿真验证,本文改进方法与传统定位方法相比,在定位精度、执行时间、网络覆盖率等方面有了一定的提升。
[Abstract]:In recent years, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) plays a more and more important role in many fields, such as intelligent medical monitoring, environmental monitoring, military reconnaissance and so on. Without location information, WSN-aware data is meaningless. At present, the research of WSN localization technology is mainly focused on the two-dimensional plane, and the sensor nodes in the real environment are basically distributed in the three-dimensional scene. Therefore, it has become one of the most important research directions of WSN to study the location technology and refinement method of wireless sensor networks with high precision, low cost and low energy consumption. First of all, this paper summarizes the research background, significance and key technologies supporting WSN. At the same time, the wireless sensor positioning technology and the current development situation at home and abroad are discussed. Especially, the typical localization model and algorithm are introduced. Then the concept, performance index and classification of positioning technology are introduced. Secondly, the location accuracy of location technology depends on the density of anchor nodes in WSN network to a large extent, and the number of anchor nodes directly determines the cost of the network. In addition, most of the research at home and abroad at present stay at the two-dimensional level, the positioning technology in three-dimensional space is not enough. Therefore, after studying the mobile anchor node aided location technology in 3D space, an improved algorithm is proposed: based on received signal strength indicator (RSSI) ranging in 3D scene and using mobile anchor node aided location algorithm. At the same time, moving anchor nodes can not only realize 3D positioning, but also solve the problem of locating unknown nodes in less fixed anchor nodes. Thirdly, the hardware requirement of RSSI ranging is low, and the positioning accuracy is high. However, RSSI ranging needs to rely on the strong or weak signal received by sensor nodes to realize location, which is easily interfered by environment and other factors, which leads to some errors in the location information obtained by RSSI. After studying the principle of RSSI ranging, the influencing factors and the improved algorithm ERSS, the RSSI value is modified on the basis of ERSS algorithm, and the RSSI value according to ERSS condition is modified by weighted centroid algorithm, and then the extended Kalman filter is used to deal with the RSSI value. To achieve the optimal selection of RSSI, thus improve the positioning accuracy. Finally, a common platform which can be applied to many algorithms is built by Matlab. Through simulation, the improved method is compared with the traditional localization method, and has a certain improvement in location accuracy, execution time, network coverage and so on.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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