基于超宽带的无线室内定位算法研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 15:17

本文选题：超宽带 + 室内定位　；参考：《西安电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,无线通信技术的高速发展促使无线定位技术日趋成熟,随着传统室外无线定位技术的广泛应用,人们对于复杂的室内无线精确定位的需求越来越强烈,比如大型场馆定位、矿山井下人员定位、火灾现场定位等。超宽带(UWB)信号凭借相对于其它信号具有更强的穿透能力、抗干扰能力、极低的成本和功耗、高的多径分辨率等优点,使得超宽带技术在众多室内定位技术中脱颖而出,因此进行超宽带无线室内定位算法的研究是十分有意义的。本文的主要工作有：1.从超宽带无线通信理论出发,分析超宽带信号及其信道的特点。研究超宽带室内定位系统的原理架构,发射机和接收机原理,并解释为何选用超宽带技术作为室内精确定位算法的研究。2.详细分析IEEE802.15工作小组提出的IEEE802.15.4a信道模型。因为室内环境比较复杂,所以针对不同的环境就需要有不同参数的信道模型,IEEE802.15工作小组针对不同的环境给出了六种相应的IEEE802.15.4a信道模型。因为本文的研究重点是无线室内精确定位,所以本文着重分析了室内居住和室内办公环境下信道模型实测参数。3.重点研究超宽带无线室内定位算法。其中包括基于到达时间(TOA)、到达时间差(TDOA)、信号强度(RSSI)和到达角度(AOA)四种典型的超宽带无线室内定位算法,并对这四种典型的超宽带无线室内定位算法的优缺点做出分析比较。结合本课题研究的方向,详细地介绍了基于TDOA和基于RSSI的超宽带定位算法。随后,本文提出了基于TDOA/RSSI的超宽带无线室内混合定位算法,在给出了详细的公式推导的同时,也研究了该算法的定位误差和误差来源。并与已有的基于TDOA/AOA的混合定位算法进行了分析比较,研究表明该算法在不提高算法复杂度的前提下,明显减小了室内定位的误差,使其更加接近克拉美罗下限。4.利用Matlab仿真软件对各种单一定位算法和混合定位算法在不同信噪比与不同信标节点个数的情况下分别进行了仿真实验,着重对TDOA/RSSI混合定位算法相对于其它定位算法进行了较为详细的分析比较。实验证明TDOA/RSSI无线室内混合定位算法与其它算法相比,在精度上有了很大提升。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of wireless communication technology, wireless positioning technology is becoming more and more mature. With the extensive application of traditional outdoor wireless positioning technology, the demand for complex indoor wireless precise positioning is more and more intense. For example, the location of large-scale venues, underground mine personnel positioning, fire-site positioning and so on. Ultra-wideband (UWB) signal has the advantages of stronger penetration ability, anti-jamming ability, low cost and power consumption, high multipath resolution and so on than other signals, which makes UWB technology stand out among many indoor positioning technologies. So it is very meaningful to study the indoor location algorithm of UWB wireless. The main work of this paper is: 1. Based on the theory of UWB wireless communication, the characteristics of UWB signal and its channel are analyzed. This paper studies the principle structure, transmitter and receiver of UWB indoor positioning system, and explains why UWB technology is chosen as the research of indoor precise location algorithm. The IEEE 802.15.4a channel model proposed by the IEEE 802.15 working Group is analyzed in detail. Due to the complexity of indoor environment, the IEEE802.15 working group has proposed six kinds of IEEE802.15.4a channel models for different environments. Because the focus of this paper is the precise location of wireless indoor, this paper analyzes the measured parameters of channel model in indoor residential and office environment. This paper focuses on the research of UWB wireless indoor positioning algorithm. It includes four typical indoor location algorithms based on time of arrival (TOA), time difference of arrival (TDOA), signal intensity (RSSI) and angle of arrival (AOA). Combined with the research direction of this paper, the UWB location algorithm based on TDOA and RSSI is introduced in detail. Then, this paper presents a hybrid location algorithm based on TDOAR / RSSI for UWB wireless indoor. The detailed formula is derived, and the location error and error source of the algorithm are also studied. And compared with the existing hybrid localization algorithm based on TDOA / AOA, the research shows that the algorithm can obviously reduce the error of indoor location without increasing the complexity of the algorithm, and make it closer to the lower bound of Clemero. 4. Using Matlab simulation software, the simulation experiments are carried out under different SNR and different number of beacon nodes for each single location algorithm and mixed localization algorithm. Compared with other localization algorithms, the mixed location algorithm of TDOAR / RSSI is analyzed and compared in detail. Experiments show that the precision of TDOAR / RSSI wireless indoor hybrid localization algorithm is much higher than that of other algorithms.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN925

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