基于RPL的无线传感器网络分簇路由研究与实现

发布时间：2018-06-27 17:55

本文选题：RPL + 分簇路由　；参考：《北京交通大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSNs)是由大量低成本、低功耗的微型传感器节点构成,这些节点通常都具有感知环境、数据处理以及无线通信的能力。随着无线传感器网络的大规模部署以及应用场景的日趋复杂,对其路由协议的性能提出了更高的要求。本文在深入研究现有无线传感器网络路由协议的基础上,提出了一种基于RPL的分簇路由协议,并对其进行了实现与验证。本文首先深入研究了低功耗有损网络的IPv6路由协议—RPL(IPv6Routing Protocol for Low-power and lossy networks(s)路由协议,对其路由构建过程及路由策略进行了详细分析,并通过Cooja仿真平台进行RPL路由协议的组网功能验证,同时借助仿真工具从涓流机制、网络修复及节点能耗等方面对其性能进行测试。然后,本文在分析现有分簇路由算法的基础上,提出了基于RPL的分簇路由协议。该协议采用簇首竞争机制,借助RPL路由协议中的相关参数,在簇首选择的过程中综合考虑节点到网关的距离、剩余能量、链路状态以及簇首位置分布等因素,通过分簇减少节点到网关的跳数,使RPL路由树适当扁平化,并采用由最优父节点变化驱动的簇首轮换机制,平衡各节点的能耗,以达到网络负载均衡的目的。本文详细阐述了基于RPL的分簇路由协议的设计思想和关键机制,介绍了该路由协议中的控制信息报文格式以及定时器等的相关设计,描述了路由的建立过程。另外,本文选用Contiki操作系统作为开发平台,介绍了该路由协议的具体实现过程,包括数据结构以及主要的功能模块。随后,在Cooja仿真平台上搭建了测试环境,对基于RPL的分簇路由协议进行仿真测试,验证了其路由建立过程、数据包路由过程、簇首轮换过程以及网络修复过程。最后,在北京交通大学下一代互联网互连设备国家工程实验室自主研发的IPv6微型传感器节点MSN-213上成功地实现了基于RPL的分簇路由协议,并借助PACKET Sniffer无线探嗅器,对其进行了抓包分析和功能验证。结果表明,使用该路由协议的IPv6微型传感器节点能够实现分簇功能并正常加入网络,网关能够获取传感器节点发出的数据包,当网络中某节点失效时,能够完成路由修复过程。
[Abstract]:Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is composed of a large number of low cost, low power micro sensor nodes. These nodes usually have the ability to perceive environment, data processing and wireless communication. With the large-scale deployment of wireless sensor networks and the increasing complexity of the application scene, the routing protocol of the wireless sensor networks is more complex. In this paper, based on the in-depth study of the existing routing protocols for wireless sensor networks, a cluster routing protocol based on RPL is proposed, and its implementation and verification are carried out.
In this paper, the IPv6 routing protocol called RPL (IPv6Routing Protocol for Low-power and lossy networks (s) routing protocol for low power loss networks is studied in detail. The routing construction and routing strategy are analyzed in detail, and the verification of the networking function of the RPL routing protocol is carried out by the Cooja simulation platform, and the simulation tools are also used. Its performance is tested from trickle flow mechanism, network repair and node energy consumption.
Then, based on the analysis of the existing cluster routing algorithms, a cluster routing protocol based on RPL is proposed. The protocol adopts the cluster head competition mechanism and the related parameters in the RPL routing protocol. In the process of cluster head selection, the distance of nodes to the gateway, the residual energy, link state and the location of cluster head are considered in the process of cluster head selection. The excessive cluster reduces the number of nodes to the gateway, makes the RPL routing tree flattened properly, and uses the cluster first wheel, which is driven by the optimal parent node change, to balance the energy consumption of each node to achieve the goal of network load balancing. In this paper, the design idea and key mechanism of the cluster routing protocol based on RPL are elaborated in detail, and the routing association is introduced. The related design of information message format and timer, etc., describes the process of routing. In addition, the Contiki operating system is selected as the development platform, and the implementation process of the routing protocol is introduced, including the data structure and the main functional modules.
Then, the test environment is built on the Cooja simulation platform, and the RPL based cluster routing protocol is simulated and tested. The routing process, the packet routing process, the cluster first wheel change process and the network repair process are verified. Finally, the IPv6 of the National Engineering Laboratory of the next generation interconnection network of the Beijing Jiaotong University is independently developed by the National Engineering Laboratory of the next generation interconnected network. The cluster routing protocol based on RPL is successfully implemented on the micro sensor node MSN-213, and the packet analysis and function verification are carried out with the PACKET Sniffer wireless sniffer. The results show that the IPv6 micro sensor nodes using the routing protocol can implement the clustering function and join the network normally, and the gateway can obtain the sensor. The packets sent by nodes can complete the route repair process when a node in the network fails.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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