基于多层拓扑结构的毫米波基片集成阵列天线的研究

发布时间：2018-07-02 11:41

本文选题：多层拓扑结构 + 基片集成　；参考：《电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在无线通信系统中,信号的发射与接收均依赖于天线。近些年,毫米波频段阵列天线成为研究的热点之一。E波段(71~76 GHz,81~86 GHz)具有频谱资源丰富、大气吸收低与轻量级频谱许可证等特点,被应用于高容量点对点通信、无线回程系统以及宽带城域网等,要求阵列天线具有高增益的同时满足宽频带/双频带特性。Ka波段在门禁与安检、遥感与成像、工业无损检测、定点通信与能量传输等领域具有广泛应用,要求该频段阵列天线具有波束聚焦等特性。高增益阵列天线,比如缝隙阵列、贴片阵列等,受自身电气特性的制约,带宽较窄,难于实现宽频带或多频带特性。波束聚焦阵列天线,比如微带阵列,通过调整激励源到天线单元之间馈电长度,以实现对贴片天线不等相位馈电。虽然便于集成,但其难以实现结构紧凑的小型化。随着基片集成波导技术以及多层加工工艺的持续发展和日益成熟,基于多层拓扑结构的阵列天线成为解决上述问题的主要方案之一。本文主要研究多层拓扑结构在高增益阵列天线与波束聚焦阵列天线上的应用,分为三部分内容展开。首先,分析基于多层拓扑结构设计中涉及的重点技术和关键结构,包括垂直过渡结构、宽频带耦合馈电结构、波导与基片集成波导过渡、波导移相器等,验证基础研究方案的可行性,为大型阵列设计奠定基础。然后,介绍采用双缝隙耦合馈电的单元天线与双谐振现象,研究了单元天线的带宽与增益以及各参数对其性能的影响。基于该单元天线研究了E波段两款基片集成阵列天线:16×16高增益宽频带阵列天线和8×8高增益双频带阵列天线,并开展实验研究,实验结果与仿真结果吻合良好,验证了设计方案的可行性,同时表明了两款阵列天线可以在大阵列设计中同时满足高增益与宽频带/双频带特性,具有优异性能。最后,介绍最小聚焦阵列,即4×4阵列,并仿真分析了焦距与焦斑特性。采用单缝耦合研究了X波段4×4窄带聚焦阵列天线,采用双缝耦合研究了Ka波段8×8宽带聚焦阵列天线。X波段4×4阵列天线的实验结果和仿真结果吻合良好,实现了波束聚焦特性。Ka波段8×8阵列天线的仿真结果表明了其良好的驻波特性和聚焦效果,该阵列具备宽频带聚焦特性。
[Abstract]:In wireless communication systems, the transmission and reception of signals depend on antennas. In recent years, millimeter-wave band antenna array has become one of the hotspots in the research. E band (71n 76GHz / 81Hz) is widely used in high capacity point-to-point communication because of its rich spectrum resources, low atmospheric absorption and light weight spectrum license. Wireless backhaul system and broadband metropolitan area network (WAN) are required to meet the requirements of broadband / dual-band characteristics. Ka band, remote sensing and imaging, industrial nondestructive testing, etc. Fixed-point communication and energy transmission are widely used, which require the array antenna to be beam-focused. High gain array antennas, such as slot arrays and patch arrays, are limited by their own electrical characteristics and have a narrow bandwidth, which makes it difficult to achieve broadband or multi-band characteristics. Beam-focused array antenna, such as microstrip array, can realize unequal phase feed to patch antenna by adjusting the feed length between excitation source and antenna unit. Although it is easy to integrate, it is difficult to realize compact miniaturization. With the continuous development and maturity of substrate integrated waveguide technology and multilayer fabrication technology, array antenna based on multilayer topology becomes one of the main solutions to the above problems. In this paper, the application of multilayer topology in high gain array antenna and beam focusing array antenna is studied, which is divided into three parts. Firstly, the key technologies and key structures involved in the design of multilayer topology are analyzed, including vertical transition structure, broadband coupling feed structure, waveguide and substrate integrated waveguide transition, waveguide phase shifter, etc. The feasibility of the basic research scheme is verified to lay the foundation for large array design. Then, the phenomenon of cell antenna and double resonance with double slot coupling feed is introduced. The bandwidth and gain of unit antenna and the influence of parameters on its performance are studied. Based on the element antenna, two kinds of E band integrated array antenna: 16 脳 16 high gain broadband array antenna and 8 脳 8 high gain dual-band array antenna are studied. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results. The feasibility of the design scheme is verified, and it is shown that the two antenna arrays can satisfy the characteristics of high gain and wide band / double band simultaneously in the design of large array, and have excellent performance. Finally, the minimum focus array, 4 脳 4 array, is introduced, and the focal length and focal spot characteristics are simulated and analyzed. The X band 4 脳 4 narrow band focused array antenna is studied by single slit coupling. The experimental results of Ka band 8 脳 8 broadband focused array antenna and the X band 4 脳 4 array antenna are in good agreement with the simulation results. The simulation results show that the antenna has good standing wave characteristics and focusing effect, and the array has wide frequency band focusing characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN822

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