单幅高分辨率SAR图像城市建筑物的三维重建

发布时间：2018-07-07 10:31

本文选题：合成孔径雷达 + 散射特征　；参考：《西安电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：合成孔径雷达(简称SAR)是利用微波来遥感的雷达,具有全天候、全天时的优点。受到斑点噪声的影响,SAR图像的可视化解译十分困难。近些年来,随着高分辨率SAR图像的出现,建筑物的三维信息提取变得更加精准,为建筑物的三维重建提供了基础支持。SAR的技术手段在为城市规划、城市实时变化和自然灾害评估上提供了强有力的支持。论文对高分辨率SAR图像中L型叠掩的提取工作进行了深入的研究,详细分析L型结构的模型和特点,最后完成建筑物的三维重建。论文首先介绍了SAR的工作原理和SAR图像的特点,分析了常见建筑物在SAR图像中的散射特征,对两种常见的建筑物具体的分析了阴影、叠掩、二次散射的原理和特点,为后续的章节提供了理论基础。然后介绍了建筑物的检测算法,针对常见算法出现的精确度和准确度的问题,提出了以下的改进方法,使用中值滤波增强图像,腐蚀和膨胀来填充空洞,计数滤波滤除杂波点。最后,使用CFAR算法检测出建筑物的轮廓,采用Hough变换直线检测算法提取出目标建筑物的叠掩结构线段,提取出三维信息,完成目标建筑物的三维重建。
[Abstract]:Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a kind of radar with microwave remote sensing, which has the advantages of all-weather and all-day. It is very difficult to visualize SAR images under the influence of speckle noise. In recent years, with the emergence of high-resolution SAR images, the 3D information extraction of buildings becomes more accurate, which provides the basic support for the three-dimensional reconstruction of buildings. Urban real-time change and natural disaster assessment provided strong support. In this paper, the extraction of L-shape mask from high-resolution SAR images is studied in depth, and the model and characteristics of L-type structure are analyzed in detail. Finally, the 3D reconstruction of buildings is completed. This paper first introduces the working principle of SAR and the characteristics of SAR images, analyzes the scattering characteristics of common buildings in SAR images, and analyzes the principles and characteristics of shadow, overlay and secondary scattering for two common buildings. It provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent chapters. Then the detection algorithm of buildings is introduced. In order to solve the problems of accuracy and accuracy in common algorithms, the following improved methods are proposed: the median filter is used to enhance the image, the corrosion and expansion are used to fill the voids, and the clutter points are filtered by counting filter. Finally, CFAR algorithm is used to detect the contour of the building, and Hough transform line detection algorithm is used to extract the line segment of the overlay structure of the target building. The 3D information is extracted and the 3D reconstruction of the target building is completed.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN957.52

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