基于UWB的无线定位算法的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-07-11 12:21

本文选题：UWB + 无线定位　；参考：《东北大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：超宽带(UWB)作为一项新兴的无线定位通信技术,以其传输速率高、发射功率低、多径分辨率高、保密性好、抗干扰能力强等优点,受到越来越多的关注。在无线传感器,雷达,定位等领域UWB技术得到广泛应用,目前国内外都在积极研究开发UWB产品,使其成为当前无线领域研究的热点,UWB技术被视为下一代无线网通信的关键技术之一。随着人们对于室内无线定位的需求逐渐提高,UWB以穿透力强,定位精度高等优势,为实现高精度的室内无线定位提供了有效的解决方案。UWB定位精度高是基于其极强的时间分辨率。在分析了常用的无线定位方法后,本文选择适合UWB的基于时间定位方法,在基于时间的定位方案中,TOA方法由于需要严格的时间同步,在实际应用中较难实现,所以本文选择TDOA方法,并就TDOA定位算法进行了研究。首先本文分析了常用的经典TDOA定位算法,Fang算法、Chan算法及Taylor算法,对算法的原理及特点进行了详细的说明。在传统算法的基础上,验证了一种Chan算法与Taylor算法结合的协同定位算法。并就定位过程中基站数目及测距误差对各算法定位性能的影响进行了仿真实验。实验结果表明该协同定位算法既解决了Taylor算法初值难以确定的问题又弥补了Chan算法适应性差的缺陷,是一种较好的定位算法。其次,文章对遗传算法在无线定位领域的应用进行了深入研究,介绍了基本遗传算法,并在分析了基本遗传算法缺点后,提出了一种改进遗传算法与Chan算法相结合的定位算法。建立了算法的数学模型,介绍了算法的详细步骤,最后对算法进行了仿真分析,实验表明相较于传统定位,该算法在测距误差较大的情况下,能够有效提高了定位精度。考虑到在定位问题中的实时性要求,本文研究了当前的并行遗传算法模型,为无线定位的研究提供一个较好的研究思路。最后,本文介绍了基于PLUS的定位系统平台,运用定位算法实现的一个定位软件系统,详细说明软件各模块的实现,在定位算法中,为了解决遗传算法实时性问题,采用了基于MPI的并行遗传算法,对软件的定位结果进行了分析。分析结果表明,该软件较好的实现了无线定位的需求,达到了较为理想的定位效果。
[Abstract]:Ultra-wideband (UWB), as a new wireless location communication technology, has attracted more and more attention because of its high transmission rate, low transmission power, high multi-path resolution, good confidentiality and strong anti-jamming ability. UWB technology has been widely used in the fields of wireless sensor, radar, positioning and so on. At present, UWB products are actively researched and developed both at home and abroad. UWB technology is regarded as one of the key technologies in the next generation wireless network communication. With the increasing demand for indoor wireless positioning, UWB has the advantages of strong penetration and high positioning accuracy. It provides an effective solution for indoor wireless positioning with high precision. The high precision of UWB is based on its strong time resolution. After analyzing the commonly used wireless localization methods, this paper chooses the time based localization method suitable for UWB. Due to the strict time synchronization, the TOA method is difficult to be implemented in practical application. Therefore, TDOA method is chosen and the algorithm of TDOA localization is studied in this paper. Firstly, this paper analyzes the classical TDOA localization algorithms Fang Chan algorithm and Taylor algorithm, and explains the principle and characteristics of the algorithm in detail. Based on the traditional algorithm, a cooperative localization algorithm based on Chan algorithm and Taylor algorithm is verified. The effects of the number of base stations and ranging errors on the localization performance of each algorithm are simulated. The experimental results show that the co-location algorithm not only solves the problem that the initial value of Taylor algorithm is difficult to determine but also makes up for the lack of adaptability of Chan algorithm. It is a better localization algorithm. Secondly, the application of genetic algorithm in wireless location is deeply studied, and the basic genetic algorithm is introduced. After analyzing the shortcomings of basic genetic algorithm, an improved location algorithm combining with Chan algorithm is proposed. The mathematical model of the algorithm is established, and the detailed steps of the algorithm are introduced. Finally, the simulation analysis of the algorithm is carried out. The experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively improve the location accuracy in the case of large ranging error compared with the traditional location algorithm. Considering the real-time requirement in the localization problem, the current parallel genetic algorithm (PGA) model is studied in this paper, which provides a good idea for the research of wireless location. Finally, this paper introduces a localization software system based on plus, and describes the realization of each module of the software in detail. In order to solve the real-time problem of genetic algorithm, in order to solve the real time problem of genetic algorithm, this paper introduces the localization system platform based on plus. The parallel genetic algorithm based on MPI is used to analyze the localization results of the software. The analysis results show that the software can meet the requirements of wireless location and achieve a better positioning effect.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN925

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