狙击手声学定位系统试验样机研制

发布时间：2018-07-20 12:14

【摘要】：现代战争中,狙击手的存在对士兵的安全产生了非常严重的威胁。在维和、维稳等各项军事行动中,狙击手定位已经成为保护士兵不受敌方狙击手威胁的基本任务。为了准确、及时、快速地发现并歼灭敌方狙击手,形形色色的反狙击手系统就应运而生了。狙击手声学探测系统作为一种目前价格最低廉、定位准确的狙击手定位系统,已经被很多国家开发研制并且广泛地推广使用。本文研制了一种可以实时探测狙击手开枪位置的狙击手声学定位系统试验样机。首先对步枪射击时产生的两种声学物理特征(弹道冲击波和枪口爆炸波)进行了分析,并依此设计了目标测距算法和空间任意四元阵被动测向算法。硬件系统采用模块化设计,详细描述信号调理器设计、DSP信号处理电路设计、姿态方位仪模块与WIFI模块接口设计和系统电源管理等,并且完成系统的PCB设计制作和各模块的调试。系统以TMS320F28335为信号处理核心,信号经由驻极体传声器到信号调理器电路进行放大滤波后,进入A/D采集器,将采集到的信号送入DSP进行信号检测与识别和目标定位解算,姿态方位仪模块将提供当前麦克风阵列的姿态和方位信息,以供系统解算目标在大地坐标的下的方位信息,最后将结算结果通过WIFI模块传送至Android手机显示平台。系统采用可折叠式的阵列结构,内置锂离子电池供电,优化系统各模块的供电结构,实现了系统低功耗、高集成化和便携化。设计选用已经广泛使用的Android手机作为系统的可视化显示平台,并开发了相应的Android手机显示软件。最后,对定位系统进行了整体外场测试。在外场环境比较恶劣的情况下,系统在不同的阵列摆放角度下,测量方位角的均方差不超过5°;在300m范围内的不同距离上,系统的测向均方差也不超过5°,证明了定位系统具有较高的定位精度和很好的稳定性。
[Abstract]:In modern warfare, the presence of snipers poses a serious threat to the security of soldiers. In peacekeeping, maintenance and other military operations, sniper positioning has become a basic task to protect soldiers from the threat of enemy snipers. In order to detect and annihilate the enemy sniper accurately, timely and quickly, various anti-sniper systems emerge as the times require. As one of the cheapest and accurate sniper positioning systems, sniper acoustic detection system has been developed and widely used in many countries. In this paper, an experimental prototype of sniper acoustic positioning system is developed, which can detect sniper shooting position in real time. Firstly, two kinds of acoustic physical characteristics (ballistic shock wave and muzzle explosion wave) produced by rifle firing are analyzed, and the target ranging algorithm and the space arbitrary quaternion array passive direction finding algorithm are designed. The hardware system adopts modularization design, describes the signal regulator design and DSP signal processing circuit design in detail, the interface design of attitude azimuth instrument module and WiFi module and the system power management, and completes the PCB design and debugging of the system. The system takes TMS320F28335 as the signal processing core, the signal is amplified and filtered by electret microphone to the signal regulator circuit, then enters the Ar / D collector, and sends the collected signal into the DSP for signal detection and recognition and target location calculation. The attitude and azimuth module will provide the attitude and azimuth information of the current microphone array for the system to calculate the azimuth information of the target under the geodetic coordinates. Finally, the settlement results will be transmitted to the Android mobile phone display platform through the WiFi module. The system adopts a foldable array structure with a built-in lithium ion battery to supply power, and optimizes the power supply structure of each module of the system. The system achieves low power consumption, high integration and portability. The Android mobile phone, which has been widely used in the design, is selected as the visual display platform of the system, and the corresponding Android mobile phone display software is developed. Finally, the whole external field of the positioning system is tested. The mean deviation of the measurement of azimuth is not more than 5 掳under different array placement angles, and at different distances in the range of 300 m, when the field environment is relatively harsh, the mean deviation of the measurement azimuth is not more than 5 掳. The RMS of the system is also less than 5 掳, which proves that the positioning system has high positioning accuracy and good stability.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP311.52;TN92

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