面向结构健康监测的无线传感网的组网技术研究

发布时间：2018-07-31 12:51

【摘要】：基于无线传感器网络的结构健康监测是诸多领域的热点研究课题。工程结构监测中采用无线传感器网络能满足其多点、高效、实时的监测需求,具有快速部署、自组织成网和分布式协同计算的特点。目前,该领域的研究内容主要包括组网技术、网络管理方法和系统验证研究等方面,其中传感器网络的组网技术是结构监测的有效实施以及保证损伤识别精度的前提和基础。因此本文针对结构监测,特别是航空结构,研究无线传感器网络组网的关键技术和实现方法。本文的主要研究内容包括以下几方面:(1)针对主动结构健康监测的需求,设计实现了可工程应用的高速无线压电传感网络节点,主要由压电信号激励模块、压电信号调理电路、数据处理模块和无线通信模块组成。对节点的激励功能、高速数据采集和螺钉松动主动监测进行功能测试实验,验证节点的主动激励和高速信号采集、处理和通信的功能。(2)针对结构监测的实时、可靠和高频采样的应用需求,提出面向结构健康监测的无线传感器网络的协议栈结构,提出了一种基于两层星簇型的网络拓扑结构,针对该拓扑结构设计了一种简单有效的固定路由机制。针对结构监测中数据可靠传输的应用需求,采用双基站冗余通信机制和多级CRC校验机制,提高数据传输的可靠性。(3)在研究传感器节点时钟模型的基础上,针对结构监测领域对时间同步的特殊要求,提出一种改进的FTSP时间同步协议,克服时间同步过程中异常值干扰的问题,并在无线压电传感器节点上进行验证实验。(4)针对结构监测中传感器数量和种类众多,且采集数据量大的特点,研究基于数据压缩采样技术的压电响应数据压缩方法。提出一种面向主动结构监测的感知压缩方法:采用小波变换实现响应信号的稀疏化,选择高斯随机矩阵作为测量矩阵,提出一种Lamb波信号重构的OMP重构算法。研究面向结构监测的感知压缩技术的压缩性能、重构精度以及不同测量矩阵的重构性能。在无线高速压电传感器节点和LF-21M防锈铝板结构上进行模拟损伤测试。
[Abstract]:Structural health monitoring based on wireless sensor networks is a hot topic in many fields. Wireless sensor network (WSN) can meet the needs of multi-point, high-efficiency and real-time monitoring in engineering structure monitoring. It has the characteristics of rapid deployment, self-organizing networking and distributed collaborative computing. At present, the research contents in this field mainly include networking technology, network management method and system verification, etc. The networking technology of sensor network is the premise and foundation of effective implementation of structure monitoring and ensuring the accuracy of damage identification. Therefore, this paper studies the key technologies and implementation methods of wireless sensor network (WSN) networking for structural monitoring, especially aeronautical structure. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: (1) aiming at the demand of active structure health monitoring, a high speed wireless piezoelectric sensor network node is designed and realized. Data processing module and wireless communication module. The function tests of the node excitation function, high-speed data acquisition and screw loosening active monitoring are carried out to verify the functions of node active excitation and high-speed signal acquisition, processing and communication. (2) aiming at the real time structure monitoring, Based on the requirements of reliable and high frequency sampling, a protocol stack structure for structured health monitoring wireless sensor networks is proposed, and a network topology based on two-layer star cluster is proposed. A simple and effective fixed routing mechanism is designed for the topology. Aiming at the application demand of reliable data transmission in structural monitoring, the redundant communication mechanism of double base station and multilevel CRC check mechanism are adopted to improve the reliability of data transmission. (3) based on the research of clock model of sensor node, Aiming at the special requirement of time synchronization in the field of structure monitoring, an improved FTSP time synchronization protocol is proposed to overcome the problem of outlier value interference in the process of time synchronization. Verification experiments are carried out on wireless piezoelectric sensor nodes. (4) aiming at the large number of sensors and large amount of data collected in structural monitoring, the piezoelectric response data compression method based on data compression and sampling technology is studied. This paper presents a perceptual compression method for active structure monitoring. Wavelet transform is used to sparse the response signal, Gao Si random matrix is chosen as the measurement matrix, and a OMP reconstruction algorithm for Lamb wave signal reconstruction is proposed. The compression performance, reconstruction accuracy and reconstruction performance of different measurement matrices are studied. Simulated damage test was carried out on wireless high speed piezoelectric sensor node and LF-21M rust-proof aluminum plate structure.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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