基于城市交叉口的车辆自组织网络路由协议研究
发布时间：2018-08-07 14:46
【摘要】：车辆自组织网络(Vehicular Ad Hoc Network, VANET),简称车联网,作为一种由汽车组成的数据互动网络,已经在交通安全、信息分发、社交娱乐等众多应用领域中崭露头角,并且深受通信厂商,汽车厂商以及服务提供商的追捧。由于车联网具有巨大的市场前景和经济效益,其发展一直持续被学术界和工业界所关注,而汽车也将顺势成为第三大互联网载体。在车联网的大背景下,并结合国家自然科学基金面上项目“面向实际场景和用户体验的车辆自组织网络关键技术研究”,本论文开展了一系列研究工作,旨在提出一种应用于城市场景中的高效可靠的路由协议,为车联网技术标准化的推进贡献一份力量。本选题是车联网技术中的热点研究问题,数据端到端的传输离不开路由技术,而且在车联网应用日益丰富,对网络技术要求越来越高的情况下,高效可靠的路由协议的支持显得尤为重要,所以本课题具有一定的实际意义和研究价值。VANET虽然是从一般的移动自组织网络(Mobile Ad Hoc Network, MANET)中发展而来,但是不同于一般的MANET, VANET中的节点是高移动的汽车,从而所组成的网络拓扑也是高动态变化的。而传统的MANET中节点移动速度不高,就路由技术而言,大多是采用基于拓扑的路由协议来进行数据包分组的传输。基于拓扑的路由比较适合于网络拓扑变化不大的场景。在VANE T运用较多的主流的路由协议是基于地理位置的路由,即网络中的节点不维持全局路由表,而是只保存周围的一跳邻居节点的地理位置等信息,有分组需要传输时,每个节点独立在邻居节点中寻找下一跳中继节点。基于地理位置的路由能够较好地适应VANET的高动态网络拓扑。后来,为了适应城市场景,学术界又提出了基于交叉口的路由,这类路由本质上也是基于地理位置的,只不过在基于交叉口的路由中,数据分组在进行长距离端到端投递时,优先选择位于交叉口处的节点,这样使得分组的路由路径更合理。本论文研究的具体对象是车联网当中基于交叉口的路由问题。现有的基于交叉口的路由有着如下问题：(1)在路口处,负责转发的节点在选择路段时仅仅考虑了距离和车辆密度参量,事实上,对分组成功投递影响很大的是网络的连通性；(2)连通性的衡量不容易。本文提出了一种随机车流模型,并根据交通规律设计参数,从物理连通性的角度将该模型等效为一个排队服务系统,根据排队论等理论基础,在给定的假设条件下,推导出了单向道路上平均车间距的分布函数,以及平均车间距、车辆通信范围对网络连通性的影响,并给出了数值结果。根据该结果,我们又设计出了一种新的连通性感知路由(Connectivity-Sensed Routing, CSR),该路由算法充分考虑了路段连通性的因素对选路的影响,同时又兼顾了与之非耦合的距离参量。并通过系统级的网络仿真验证了所提出的CSR算法的性能,以可接受的网络开销为代价,CSR在分组平均网络投递率和网络吞吐量性能方面,比现有的基于交叉口的路由算法性能要高出10%-30%。在未来的研究工作中,车流模型仍然可以再进一步优化并改进,未来将扩展至双向车道并加入交叉口的建模。另外,论文中关于基础设施的假设未来可以考虑利用5G(下一代移动通信)中的微型基站来实现。
[Abstract]:Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET), referred to as the network of vehicles, is a data interactive network composed of cars. It has come to the fore in many applications, such as traffic safety, information distribution, social entertainment and so on, and is well received by communications manufacturers, automobile manufacturers and service providers. The development of the market and the economic benefit has been continuously paid attention to by the academic and industrial circles, and the automobile will become the third Internet carrier. In the context of the car network, and combining the National Natural Science Foundation Project "Research on the key technology of vehicle self-organizing network oriented to the actual scene and user experience", this theory is based on the theory of the National Natural Science Foundation. A series of research work is carried out to propose an efficient and reliable routing protocol used in the city scene, which contributes a lot to the promotion of the standardization of the technology of the vehicle network. This topic is a hot research problem in the technology of vehicle networking. The transmission of data end to end can not be separated from the routing technology, and is increasingly rich in the application of the vehicle network. With the increasing demand for network technology, the support of efficient and reliable routing protocols is particularly important, so the subject has certain practical significance and research value.VANET, although it is developed from the Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), but it is different from the common MANET, VANET The network topology which is composed of high mobility is also highly dynamic, and the node movement speed is not high in the traditional MANET. As far as routing technology is concerned, most of the routing protocols are based on topology based routing protocol for packet packet transmission. The topology based routing ratio is more suitable for the scene with little change in network topology. In VAN E T uses more mainstream routing protocols as geographical location based routing, that is, nodes in the network do not maintain the global routing table, but only save the geographic location of one neighbor's neighbor nodes. When the packet needs to be transmitted, each node searches for the next hop relay node independently in the neighbor nodes. Later, in order to adapt to the high dynamic network topology of VANET, in order to adapt to the city scene, the academic circle also proposed the routing based on the intersection. This kind of routing is essentially based on geographical location, but in the route based on the intersection, the priority selection is at the intersection when the data packet is in the long distance to the end delivery. The nodes in this paper make the routing path more reasonable. The specific object of this paper is the routing problem based on the intersection in the network. The existing routing problem based on the intersection has the following problems: (1) at the intersection, the nodes in charge of forwarding only consider the distance and vehicle density parameters when choosing the sections, in fact, The success of the packet delivery is the connectivity of the network. (2) the measurement of connectivity is not easy. A stochastic vehicle flow model is proposed in this paper, and the parameters are designed according to the traffic law. The model is equivalent to a queuing service system from the perspective of physical connectedness. The distribution function of the average vehicle distance on a one-way road, the influence of the average vehicle distance and the vehicle communication range on the network connectivity are derived, and the numerical results are given. According to the results, we also design a new connected Connectivity-Sensed Routing (CSR). The routing algorithm takes full consideration of the link connectivity. The influence of the factors on the route selection and the non coupling distance parameters are also taken into account. The performance of the proposed CSR algorithm is verified by the system level network simulation. At the cost of acceptable network overhead, the performance of the CSR in the packet average network delivery rate and the network throughput performance is more than the existing routing algorithm based on the intersection. In order to improve the future research work of 10%-30%., the model of traffic flow can be further optimized and improved. In the future, it will be extended to two-way lane and the modeling of intersections. In addition, the hypothesis of infrastructure in this paper can be considered in the future by using the micro base station in 5G (next generation mobile communication).
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN929.5;U495
本文编号：2170365
[Abstract]:Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET), referred to as the network of vehicles, is a data interactive network composed of cars. It has come to the fore in many applications, such as traffic safety, information distribution, social entertainment and so on, and is well received by communications manufacturers, automobile manufacturers and service providers. The development of the market and the economic benefit has been continuously paid attention to by the academic and industrial circles, and the automobile will become the third Internet carrier. In the context of the car network, and combining the National Natural Science Foundation Project "Research on the key technology of vehicle self-organizing network oriented to the actual scene and user experience", this theory is based on the theory of the National Natural Science Foundation. A series of research work is carried out to propose an efficient and reliable routing protocol used in the city scene, which contributes a lot to the promotion of the standardization of the technology of the vehicle network. This topic is a hot research problem in the technology of vehicle networking. The transmission of data end to end can not be separated from the routing technology, and is increasingly rich in the application of the vehicle network. With the increasing demand for network technology, the support of efficient and reliable routing protocols is particularly important, so the subject has certain practical significance and research value.VANET, although it is developed from the Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), but it is different from the common MANET, VANET The network topology which is composed of high mobility is also highly dynamic, and the node movement speed is not high in the traditional MANET. As far as routing technology is concerned, most of the routing protocols are based on topology based routing protocol for packet packet transmission. The topology based routing ratio is more suitable for the scene with little change in network topology. In VAN E T uses more mainstream routing protocols as geographical location based routing, that is, nodes in the network do not maintain the global routing table, but only save the geographic location of one neighbor's neighbor nodes. When the packet needs to be transmitted, each node searches for the next hop relay node independently in the neighbor nodes. Later, in order to adapt to the high dynamic network topology of VANET, in order to adapt to the city scene, the academic circle also proposed the routing based on the intersection. This kind of routing is essentially based on geographical location, but in the route based on the intersection, the priority selection is at the intersection when the data packet is in the long distance to the end delivery. The nodes in this paper make the routing path more reasonable. The specific object of this paper is the routing problem based on the intersection in the network. The existing routing problem based on the intersection has the following problems: (1) at the intersection, the nodes in charge of forwarding only consider the distance and vehicle density parameters when choosing the sections, in fact, The success of the packet delivery is the connectivity of the network. (2) the measurement of connectivity is not easy. A stochastic vehicle flow model is proposed in this paper, and the parameters are designed according to the traffic law. The model is equivalent to a queuing service system from the perspective of physical connectedness. The distribution function of the average vehicle distance on a one-way road, the influence of the average vehicle distance and the vehicle communication range on the network connectivity are derived, and the numerical results are given. According to the results, we also design a new connected Connectivity-Sensed Routing (CSR). The routing algorithm takes full consideration of the link connectivity. The influence of the factors on the route selection and the non coupling distance parameters are also taken into account. The performance of the proposed CSR algorithm is verified by the system level network simulation. At the cost of acceptable network overhead, the performance of the CSR in the packet average network delivery rate and the network throughput performance is more than the existing routing algorithm based on the intersection. In order to improve the future research work of 10%-30%., the model of traffic flow can be further optimized and improved. In the future, it will be extended to two-way lane and the modeling of intersections. In addition, the hypothesis of infrastructure in this paper can be considered in the future by using the micro base station in 5G (next generation mobile communication).
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN929.5;U495
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