新一代无线移动通信中的微基站天线技术研究

发布时间：2018-08-08 13:36

【摘要】：随着3G的全球商用普及、4G规模部署的开始,微基站在现代无线通信系统中的地位越来越受到重视。微基站具有体积小、易安装、易维护的优点,可以从基站选址、环境保护、网络覆盖等方面弥补传统宏基站的不足。然而,微基站的体积过小,使得作为微基站核心设备之一的天线必须具备优良的性能。在微基站中,对天线的小型化、宽带化要求愈发的高,端口隔离度也难以获得明显提升。微带天线和印刷偶极子天线由于具备低成本、易集成、质量轻的特点,常常成为了微基站天线的首选。本文主要从小型化、宽频带、高隔离度的角度研究了几种用于微基站的微带天线和印刷偶极子天线,论文的主要工作或创新点如下:首先,本文前两章介绍了课题的研究背景、回顾了微基站天线相关技术的发展动态,并针对双极化天线相关理论进行概述。其次,第三章给出了一种新型的双极化双E型贴片天线单元的设计,详细给出了它的设计过程及性能分析。该天线单元具有低剖面、高隔离度的特点。第三,针对LTE微基站的实用需求,本文在第四章中将上述天线单元进一步组阵,设计出了一款1×2天线单元和一款2×4天线阵列,并且通过仿真优化评估了性能。所设计出的天线阵列可以应用于LTE微基站系统中。第四,本文在第五章中介绍了全双工的相关知识与应用于全双系统的天线的技术难点,并设计出了一款新型的采用磁耦合环馈电的双极化微带天线单元。在该天线单元基础上进一步设计出了一款1×2天线阵。该阵列通过引入一种新型的渐变型接地金属条阵的结构极大地提升了天线单元之间的同极化端口隔离度。仿真及实测结果表明该天线阵列具有超高隔离度特性,能够应用于全双工系统。最后,本文在第六章中提出了一款新型的线极化偶极子天线,并详细分析了该天线的结构与工作原理。该线极化偶极子天线具备比一般经典偶极子天线更小尺寸的优点。在此基础上进一步设计出了一款双极化偶极子天线,该双极化天线具有小型化、宽频带、高隔离度的性能,可以应用于IMT-Advanced系统。
[Abstract]:With the beginning of 3G commercial universal 4G scale deployment, the status of microbase stations in modern wireless communication systems has been paid more and more attention. Micro-base station has the advantages of small size, easy to install and easy to maintain. It can make up for the shortcomings of the traditional macro base station from the base station location, environmental protection, network coverage and so on. However, the size of the microbase station is too small, so the antenna, as one of the core devices of the microbase station, must have excellent performance. In microbase stations, the requirement of antenna miniaturization and wideband becomes more and more high, and the isolation of ports is difficult to improve. Microstrip antenna and printed dipole antenna have become the first choice of microbase station antenna due to their advantages of low cost, easy integration and light mass. In this paper, several microstrip antennas and printed dipole antennas for microbase stations are studied from the point of view of miniaturization, wide band and high isolation. The main work and innovations are as follows: firstly, the research background of this thesis is introduced in the first two chapters. The development of microbase station antenna correlation technology is reviewed, and the related theory of dual polarization antenna is summarized. Secondly, in chapter 3, the design of a new dual-polarization dual-E patch antenna unit is presented, and its design process and performance analysis are given in detail. The antenna unit has the characteristics of low profile and high isolation. Thirdly, according to the practical requirement of LTE microbase station, in chapter 4, we design a 1 脳 2 antenna unit and a 2 脳 4 antenna array, and evaluate the performance by simulation. The designed antenna array can be used in LTE microbase station system. Fourth, in chapter 5, we introduce the knowledge of full duplex and the technical difficulties of antenna used in full duplex system, and design a novel dual-polarization microstrip antenna unit with magnetically coupled loop feed. A 1 脳 2 antenna array is further designed on the basis of the antenna element. This array greatly improves the isolation of the same polarization ports between antenna elements by introducing a new structure of a new gradual grounding metal bar array. The simulation and experimental results show that the antenna array has high isolation and can be used in full duplex system. Finally, in chapter 6, a novel linear polarization dipole antenna is proposed, and its structure and working principle are analyzed in detail. The linear polarization dipole antenna has the advantage of smaller size than the classical dipole antenna. On this basis, a dual-polarization dipole antenna is designed, which can be used in IMT-Advanced system because of its miniaturization, wide band and high isolation.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN828.6

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