高性能可扩展光片上网络结构设计

发布时间：2018-08-11 14:41

【摘要】：凭借低时延、高带宽以及低能耗的通信优势,光互连被寄予希望替代传统电互连,成为片上通信系统最具前景的互连技术。光片上网络的设计得到普遍关注。但现有光片上网络阻塞问题严重,网络性能提升受限;同时,大规模光片上网络的能耗利用率较低,扩展能力不足。为解决上述问题,本文旨在提高网络性能及扩展能力,从不同角度出发设计光片上网络结构。首先,为解决传统的基于电路交换的光片上网络存在的资源预约开销大、扩展性差以及阻塞严重等问题。本文将波长资源功能分化,同时用于提高传输带宽和降低阻塞概率,提出一种新型基于电路交换的光片上网络结构——MRONoC。它首先凭借高效的波长分配方案解决阻塞问题,然后在垂直方向引入多根并行波导缓解波长资源受限的压力以改善自身扩展性。MRONoC可支持单播与多播通信,在分组长度适度的情况下能耗利用率占优,网络性能较好,与传统的基于Mesh的光片上网络相比,饱和吞吐量可提升133%。其次,现有无源光片上网络存在扩展能力不足和插入损耗较大等问题。本文面向大规模无源光片上网络,充分考虑其对扩展性能、面积与能耗开销以及传输可靠性的要求,设计无源光片上网络——POINT。鉴于波长资源使用受限,POINT对波长与波导资源的使用数量进行组合优化。其采用模块化的设计思想,仅利用多波导提供所需的通信信道构建基础交换模块,并以此作为互连单元进行规则互连,进而对各模块分配工作波长,消除模块间的通信竞争。仿真结果表明,POINT较传统的无源光片上网络可减少约39%的面积开销和约44%的插入损耗。最后,为适应多核处理器“瓦片”状的分布方式,本文探索并设计基于规则拓扑结构Torus的无源光片上网络——TAONoC。为克服波长不同的光信号在同一节点处同时发生偏转难以实现的困难,TAONoC利用宽带微环谐振器的多波长并行传输优势,并以“波长组”为单位为网络中所有转向节点循环分配“转向波长组”;为保证自身支持多播通信,且无目的节点阻塞,TAONoC对各水平、垂直波导上的各波长的调制器、解调器制定布局策略。统计分析显示TAONoC通过增加适量波导可减少约79%的微环使用数量,并降低约37%的插入损耗。
[Abstract]:With the advantages of low delay, high bandwidth and low energy consumption, optical interconnection is expected to replace traditional electrical interconnection and become the most promising interconnection technology for on-chip communication systems. The design of optical-on-chip networks has received widespread attention. However, the existing optical on-chip network congestion problem is serious, the network performance is limited; at the same time, the large-scale optical on-chip network energy consumption utilization is low, the expansion capacity is insufficient. In order to solve the above problems, this paper aims to improve the network performance and expansion ability, and design the optical on-chip network structure from different angles. Firstly, in order to solve the problems of high resource reservation overhead, poor expansibility and serious blocking in traditional on-chip networks based on circuit switching, etc. In this paper, the wavelength resource is divided into two parts, which is used to improve the transmission bandwidth and reduce the blocking probability. A novel on-chip network structure based on circuit switching, MRO Noc, is proposed. It first solves the blocking problem with efficient wavelength assignment scheme, then introduces multiple parallel waveguides in vertical direction to relieve the pressure of wavelength resource limitation to improve its expansibility. MRONoC can support unicast and multicast communication. In the case of moderate packet length, the energy efficiency is dominant and the network performance is good. Compared with the traditional optical on-chip network based on Mesh, the saturated throughput can be increased by 1333%. Secondly, the existing passive optical network has some problems, such as insufficient expansion capacity and large insertion loss. In this paper, a passive optical on-chip network (POINT) is designed for large scale passive optical on-chip networks, considering the requirements of expansion performance, area and energy consumption overhead and transmission reliability. In view of the limited use of wavelength resources, POINT optimizes the combination of wavelength and waveguide resources. It adopts the modular design idea, only uses the multi-waveguide to provide the necessary communication channel to construct the basic switching module, and takes this as the interconnection unit to carry on the regular interconnection, then distributes the working wavelength to each module, eliminates the communication competition between the modules. The simulation results show that POINT can reduce the area overhead by about 39% and the insertion loss by about 44% compared with the traditional passive optical network. Finally, in order to adapt to the "tile" distribution of multi-core processors, this paper explores and designs a passive optical on-chip network based on regular topology structure (Torus)-TAONoC. In order to overcome the difficulty of simultaneous deflection of optical signals with different wavelengths at the same node, TAONoC utilizes the advantages of multi-wavelength parallel transmission of wideband microring resonators. The "wavelength group" is used as the unit to assign the "steering wavelength group" to all the steering nodes in the network, and in order to ensure its own support for multicast communication, and the aimless nodes block the modulators of various wavelengths on the horizontal and vertical waveguides, The demodulator formulates the layout strategy. Statistical analysis shows that TAONoC can reduce the number of microrings by 79% and the insertion loss by about 37% by increasing the appropriate number of waveguides.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.1

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