基于WLAN的AP端无线定位系统研究与实现
发布时间：2018-08-13 12:01
【摘要】：室外定位技术尤其是GPS在最近几年得到了广泛应用,它提供的高精度定位服务在军事和民用方面都发挥了巨大的作用,给人们的生活带来了极大的便利,但是由于建筑物的阻挡,GPS在室内的信号相当微弱,甚至在相当一部分情况下搜索不到卫星信号,此时GPS显得力不从心。同时,在大型商场、大型仓库内却急需一种可靠的方法来解决室内定位和导航的问题。本文在Wi-Fi接收信号强度(Received Signal Strength,RSS)的基础上,设计了一种AP端的差分多天线定位算法,它不同于传统的定位目标的自我定位,而是在AP端完成定位,同时基于该算法实现的定位系统简单、增加的额外设备少、成本低,在定位精度上也有自己的优势,经实验证明,相对Wi-Fi环境下其它定位方法,能有效提高定位精度和系统的稳定性,因此它是一种可行的可靠的新的室内定位方式。本文首先在分析接收信号强度统计特性的基础上,在WLAN中引入差分多天线定位思想,通过两个天线采集的RSS数据的差值来降低接收信号强度不稳定的影响,差分能有效降低Wi-Fi信号在传输过程中受到的影响,因为两天线只相隔很近的距离,它们接收的Wi-Fi信号可以认为是经过了大致相同的传输环境,差值仅来自于两天线与定位盲点之间的距离差,而通过这个距离差和RSS的差值正好能确定盲点的轨迹,再通过定位系统内多个AP的协同工作,实现定位的目的。同时在通过盲点轨迹确定盲点坐标的过程中,文中还设计了一种确定盲点坐标简单而有效的算法,来克服Wi-Fi信号测距模型不够准确的缺点。其次,本文从接收信号强度的功率辐射模型出发,对Wi-Fi接收信号强度的特性作出分析,发现接收信号强度数据中经常掺杂着许多异常点,而这些异常点对定位会造成不利影响,因此本文对接收信号强度数据引入中值滤波的方法来降低外界偶然因素对RSS造成的干扰,同时对Wi-Fi信号在室内的反射、折射和衍射也有一定程度上的抑制作用。最后,根据本文设计的定位算法,在三台Wi-Fi路由器上实现了该定位系统,同时针对该定位算法的特点,设计了一个类数据报的定位协议。该定位系统把路由器分为主路由器和从路由器两类,并根据定位功能的需要设计实现了四个功能模块,用设计的定位协议承载系统的数据和控制信息,最后在主路由器上完成数据的处理和计算,得到定位盲点的位置信息。
[Abstract]:Outdoor positioning technology, especially GPS, has been widely used in recent years. Its high precision positioning service has played a great role in both military and civilian areas, and has brought great convenience to people's lives. However, because the building blocks the GPS in the indoor signal is very weak, even in quite a few cases can not search the satellite signal, at this time GPS appears to be unable to do. At the same time, there is an urgent need for a reliable method to solve the problem of indoor positioning and navigation in large shopping malls and large warehouses. In this paper, based on the Wi-Fi received signal strength (Received Signal, a differential multi-antenna localization algorithm for AP terminal is designed. It is different from the traditional self-localization of the target, but it is located in the AP terminal. At the same time, the positioning system based on this algorithm is simple, the additional equipment is less, the cost is low, and the positioning accuracy has its own advantages. The experiment shows that compared with other positioning methods in Wi-Fi environment, It can effectively improve the positioning accuracy and stability of the system, so it is a feasible and reliable new indoor positioning method. On the basis of analyzing the statistical characteristics of the received signal strength, this paper introduces the idea of differential multi-antenna positioning in WLAN, and reduces the influence of the instability of the received signal intensity by the difference of the RSS data collected by the two antennas. The difference can effectively reduce the influence of the Wi-Fi signal in the transmission process, because the two antennas are only very close apart, the Wi-Fi signal they receive can be considered to have passed through the same transmission environment. The difference comes only from the distance difference between the two antennas and the blind spot, and the distance difference and the difference of RSS can precisely determine the track of the blind spot, and then through the cooperative work of multiple AP in the positioning system, the purpose of location can be realized. At the same time, in the process of determining the blind spot coordinate through the blind spot trajectory, a simple and effective algorithm for determining the blind spot coordinate is designed to overcome the shortcoming of the Wi-Fi signal ranging model which is not accurate enough. Secondly, based on the power radiation model of the received signal strength, the characteristics of the received signal intensity of Wi-Fi are analyzed. It is found that many abnormal points are often mixed in the received signal strength data, and these outliers will adversely affect the location of the received signal. So this paper introduces the median filter method to the received signal intensity data to reduce the interference caused by the external accidental factors to RSS, at the same time, the reflection, refraction and diffraction of the Wi-Fi signal in the indoor can be restrained to a certain extent. Finally, according to the localization algorithm designed in this paper, the location system is implemented on three Wi-Fi routers. According to the characteristics of the localization algorithm, a localization protocol of class Datagram is designed. The positioning system divides the router into two types: the main router and the slave router. According to the need of positioning function, four modules are designed and implemented. The designed positioning protocol is used to carry the data and control information of the system. Finally, the data is processed and calculated on the main router, and the location information of the blind spot is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN925.93
本文编号：2180930
[Abstract]:Outdoor positioning technology, especially GPS, has been widely used in recent years. Its high precision positioning service has played a great role in both military and civilian areas, and has brought great convenience to people's lives. However, because the building blocks the GPS in the indoor signal is very weak, even in quite a few cases can not search the satellite signal, at this time GPS appears to be unable to do. At the same time, there is an urgent need for a reliable method to solve the problem of indoor positioning and navigation in large shopping malls and large warehouses. In this paper, based on the Wi-Fi received signal strength (Received Signal, a differential multi-antenna localization algorithm for AP terminal is designed. It is different from the traditional self-localization of the target, but it is located in the AP terminal. At the same time, the positioning system based on this algorithm is simple, the additional equipment is less, the cost is low, and the positioning accuracy has its own advantages. The experiment shows that compared with other positioning methods in Wi-Fi environment, It can effectively improve the positioning accuracy and stability of the system, so it is a feasible and reliable new indoor positioning method. On the basis of analyzing the statistical characteristics of the received signal strength, this paper introduces the idea of differential multi-antenna positioning in WLAN, and reduces the influence of the instability of the received signal intensity by the difference of the RSS data collected by the two antennas. The difference can effectively reduce the influence of the Wi-Fi signal in the transmission process, because the two antennas are only very close apart, the Wi-Fi signal they receive can be considered to have passed through the same transmission environment. The difference comes only from the distance difference between the two antennas and the blind spot, and the distance difference and the difference of RSS can precisely determine the track of the blind spot, and then through the cooperative work of multiple AP in the positioning system, the purpose of location can be realized. At the same time, in the process of determining the blind spot coordinate through the blind spot trajectory, a simple and effective algorithm for determining the blind spot coordinate is designed to overcome the shortcoming of the Wi-Fi signal ranging model which is not accurate enough. Secondly, based on the power radiation model of the received signal strength, the characteristics of the received signal intensity of Wi-Fi are analyzed. It is found that many abnormal points are often mixed in the received signal strength data, and these outliers will adversely affect the location of the received signal. So this paper introduces the median filter method to the received signal intensity data to reduce the interference caused by the external accidental factors to RSS, at the same time, the reflection, refraction and diffraction of the Wi-Fi signal in the indoor can be restrained to a certain extent. Finally, according to the localization algorithm designed in this paper, the location system is implemented on three Wi-Fi routers. According to the characteristics of the localization algorithm, a localization protocol of class Datagram is designed. The positioning system divides the router into two types: the main router and the slave router. According to the need of positioning function, four modules are designed and implemented. The designed positioning protocol is used to carry the data and control information of the system. Finally, the data is processed and calculated on the main router, and the location information of the blind spot is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN925.93
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