小功率数字电源的研究

发布时间：2018-08-16 08:12

【摘要】：摘要：自20世纪70年代起开始发展的开关电源,目前在大多数应用场合都已取代线性电源,成为绝对的主流。时至今日,虽然大多数开关电源的控制电路仍是模拟电路,但开关电源的数字控制一直是电力电子领域的研究热点。本文设计了一种基于ARM微控制器和模糊控制算法的数字电源充电器。通过使用数字的控制方式,本文设计的开关电源充电器具有输出电压范围宽、充电控制算法先进等特点,能够为多种额定电压的电动自行车蓄电池充电,解决了目前电动自行车充电器只能适配一种额定电压蓄电池的问题。本论文首先介绍了数字电源和电动自行车充电器的发展现状。在分析常用开关变换器拓扑、控制方法,及常见的阀控式铅酸(VRLA)蓄电池充电方法的基础上,本文以额定电压36V和48V的两种电动自行车VRLA蓄电池为充电对象,确定了装置的设计参数和设计方案,进行了软硬件设计。其中,硬件部分采用模拟控制Boost功率因数校正(PFC)电路与数字控制反激式开关变换器的组合,针对数字控制的需求设计了ARM微控制器电路、相关检测电路,以及功率管驱动电路等。在介绍开关电源模拟控制和数字PID控制的基础上,本文设计了具有不对称区间模糊化器的模糊控制器。并通过在MATLAB中建立模糊和PID控制器,结合使用Saber建立的真实电路模型,对模糊控制器的控制性能进行了验证和对比。软件部分,设计了改进型分段VRLA蓄电池充电控制方法、模糊控制器软件,以及微控制器主程序、中断服务程序等。其中,改进型分段VRLA蓄电池充电控制方法基于微控制器的电压检测,对两种不同的额定电压自动匹配,设定不同的分段充电电压阈值,实现了对两种不同额定电压电动自行车VRLA蓄电池的高效、可靠充电。最后,本论文介绍了所设计的数字电源充电装置的调试和实验情况,对相关控制性能进行了验证。实验证明,本装置工作可靠,可以对蓄电池进行有效充电。
[Abstract]:Abstract: Since the 1970s, switching power supply has replaced linear power supply in most applications and become the absolute mainstream. Today, although most of the control circuits of switching power supply are still analog circuits, the digital control of switching power supply has always been a research hotspot in the field of power electronics.
In this paper, a digital power charger based on ARM microcontroller and fuzzy control algorithm is designed. By using digital control method, the switching power charger designed in this paper has the characteristics of wide output voltage range and advanced charging control algorithm. It can charge a variety of rated voltage batteries for electric bicycles and solve the current electricity problem. The bicycle charger can only accommodate one battery with rated voltage.
This paper first introduces the development status of digital power supply and electric bicycle charger. Based on the analysis of common switching converter topology, control methods and common charging methods of VRLA batteries, this paper takes two kinds of VRLA batteries with rated voltages of 36V and 48V as charging objects to determine the device. The hardware and software are designed. In the hardware part, the combination of analog control Boost power factor correction (PFC) circuit and digital control flyback switching converter is adopted. The ARM microcontroller circuit, the related detection circuit and the power transistor driving circuit are designed for the demand of digital control. On the basis of source analog control and digital PID control, a fuzzy controller with asymmetric interval fuzzy controller is designed in this paper. The control performance of the fuzzy controller is verified and compared by establishing fuzzy and PID controller in MATLAB and combining with the real circuit model established by Saber.
In the software part, the improved piecewise VRLA battery charging control method, the fuzzy controller software, the main program of the microcontroller and the interrupt service program are designed. The voltage threshold achieves high efficiency and reliable charging for two different rated voltage electric bicycle VRLA batteries.
Finally, this paper introduces the debugging and experiment of the digital power charging device, and verifies the related control performance. The experiment proves that the device works reliably and can effectively charge the battery.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN86

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