通信卫星区域覆盖多波束天线设计与多频带终端印刷天线研究

发布时间：2018-08-17 16:37

【摘要】：通信卫星作为空间技术最重要的应用之一,如今可以对约200个国家、地区和海洋范围进行覆盖,通过各类大型或小型的终端设备为陆地、船舶和飞机提供通信服务。近年来通信卫星已广泛使用多波束天线技术以提高卫星覆盖区域内的增益。多波束天线技术通过波束宽度较窄的点波束,可以大幅增加波束指向范围内的天线增益,提高通信卫星的有效全向辐射功率和接收系统的品质因数值;利用点波束指向不同的特点,可以对频率进行复用,以提高系统的频谱利用率和信道容量;同时,通过多端口放大器可以实现波束间功率的动态调配。在终端天线方面,具有多频带、小型化、低成本特性的印刷天线越来越受到人们的关注,已广泛应用于卫星移动通信终端及无线通信终端的设计中。本论文主要对通信卫星多波束天线区域覆盖及多频带印刷天线进行了深入地研究。作者的主要工作及研究成果可概括为:1.对通信卫星区域覆盖多波束天线进行了优化设计。针对规定区域无缝覆盖的需求,根据所给定的服务区参考点及覆盖范围,设计了蜂窝结构的覆盖方案。在优化设计中,采用混合差分进化算法对根据工程实际建立的两个优化模型进行交互优化求解,以降低系统级优化的难度。优化后的62个波束覆盖方案可以有效地对规定区域进行无缝覆盖,满足41dB的波束覆盖电平值以及同频复用波束载干比值大于12dB的要求。2.排列组合差分进化算法。为了使标准差分进化算法能够用于离散域组合问题的优化求解,将差分移动序列与双点交换作为差分进化算法中的变异策略,提出了一种排列组合差分进化算法。为了验证所提出算法的有效性,采用该算法对小规模组合问题进行了优化设计。数值结果表明,该算法不但能够求得较优的结果,而且计算代价相对较小,收敛速度较快。3.对多波束卫星天线系统连接关系进行了优化设计,以满足工程上对多波束卫星天线系统功率调配能力的要求。首先,简单阐述了多端口放大器的原理以及多波束卫星天线系统连接关系的基本概念,并对设计多波束卫星天线系统连接关系在功率调配作用中的重要性进行了简要说明。其次,采用排列组合差分进化算法对不同规模的多波束卫星天线系统连接关系进行了优化设计,满足了卫星系统对多波束卫星天线系统功率调配能力的要求。4.对多频带平面印刷天线进行了研究。提出了三种实现天线多频带与小型化的方法,包括:(1)枝节弯折法。通过对直线多枝节结构进行弯折或者变形的处理,在天线原型的基础上,减小多频带天线的物理尺寸。(2)U形缝隙扼流结构法。在对缝隙结构进行研究的基础上,提出了一种U形缝隙加载对扼流结构。该扼流结构可以对天线的辐射体进行加载,用于产生多频带特性,并将其成功应用于对数周期天线的多频带设计中。(3)非对称结构小型化法。通过对天线中共面波导馈电方式进行非对称结构设计,在已有的多频带天线模型基础上,减小天线的物理尺寸,同时保证多频带性能。所设计的天线满足多频带工作要求,计算和测试结果吻合良好,验证了上述三种方法的有效性和正确性。实测结果还表明所设计的天线性能良好,能够很好地满足无线通信中多种场合的需求,如PCS、LTE、WLAN和WiMAX公共无线热点等。
[Abstract]:Communications satellites, as one of the most important applications of space technology, can now cover about 200 countries, regions and oceans, and provide communications services for land, ships and aircraft through various large or small-scale terminal equipment. In recent years, communication satellites have widely used multi-beam antenna technology to increase the satellite coverage area. The multi-beam antenna technology can greatly increase the antenna gain in the beam-pointing range, improve the effective omnidirectional radiation power of the communication satellite and the quality factor value of the receiving system through the narrow beam-width point beam. The frequency can be multiplexed by using the characteristics of different point-beam-pointing, so as to improve the spectrum utilization and the system performance. In terms of terminal antenna, the printed antenna with multi-band, miniaturization and low cost attracts more and more attention and has been widely used in the design of satellite mobile communication terminal and wireless communication terminal. The main work and research results of the author can be summarized as follows: 1. The optimal design of the satellite area-covered multi-beam antenna is carried out. According to the requirement of seamless coverage in the specified area, the bee is designed according to the reference point and coverage range of the given service area. In the optimization design, the hybrid differential evolution algorithm is used to solve the two optimization models established according to the actual engineering to reduce the difficulty of system-level optimization. In order to make the standard differential evolution algorithm applicable to discrete-domain combinatorial problems, the differential moving sequence and two-point exchange are used as mutation strategies in the differential evolution algorithm, and a permutation-combination differential evolution algorithm is proposed. The numerical results show that the proposed algorithm can not only obtain better results, but also has a relatively small computational cost and a faster convergence speed. 3. The connection relationship of multi-beam satellite antenna system is optimized to meet the engineering requirements. Firstly, the principle of multi-port amplifier and the basic concept of the connection relation of multi-beam satellite antenna system are briefly described, and the importance of designing the connection relation of multi-beam satellite antenna system in power allocation is briefly explained. Differential evolution algorithm (DE) is used to optimize the connection relationship of multi-beam satellite antenna systems of different sizes to meet the power allocation requirements of satellite systems for multi-beam satellite antenna systems.4. The multi-band planar printed antenna is studied. Bending method. By bending or deforming the linear multi-branch structure, the physical size of the multi-band antenna can be reduced on the basis of the antenna prototype. (2) U-shaped slot choke structure method. Based on the study of slot structure, a U-shaped slot loading choke structure is proposed. The choke structure can radiate the antenna. Volume loading is used to generate multi-band characteristics and is successfully applied to the multi-band design of logarithmic periodic antennas. (3) Asymmetric structure miniaturization method. The designed antenna satisfies the requirements of multi-band operation. The results of calculation and test agree well with each other, which verifies the validity and correctness of the above three methods.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN828.5

【共引文献】