无线传感器网络覆盖控制及路由协议研究

发布时间：2018-08-23 19:12

【摘要】：随着人类探索领域的拓展，信息获取、存储、传送和利用正逐步深入到人类生产和生活的各个领域，而物联网实现了物理世界和逻辑世界之间的信息交互。集信息感知、信息传输等多种功能于一体的无线传感器网络（Wireless Sensor Network，WSN）是物联网的基础和重要组成部分，在物联网的搭建和运行中担当着举足轻重的角色。能量有限性是制约WSN发展的一大瓶颈。因此，高效的能量使用和管理策略是WSN体系设计和协议设计的重要研究内容。本文以物联网应用为背景，结合国家重大专项项目及预研项目，主要研究了WSN体系架构、能耗模型、覆盖控制技术、路由协议等关键技术，并取得了以下研究成果：对现有节点体系架构和网络体系架构进行分类总结，结合协同感知体系架构和基于海量数据的体系架构，提出了一种基于云计算的分布式体系架构，其中包括物理体系架构及逻辑体系架构。同时对节点能耗模型及网络能耗模型进行了研究，并构建了能量评估模型，为能量高效的协议设计提供指导性建议。提出了一种基于不同层次需求的差异化覆盖控制算法（Efficient Coverage Controlwith Modified PSO，ECCMP）。算法采用基于网络最低能耗模型进行子集划分的方式将网络逐步分解。子集内不同层次的节点通过采用节点状态转移策略、退避延迟策略、基于交叉变异算子的微粒群算法动态优化网络的覆盖性能。差异化覆盖策略为WSN在保证低能耗的前提下提高网络覆盖性能和感知性能提供了技术支撑。提出了一种能量高效的网格化路由协议（Grid-based Energy Efficient RoutingProtocol，GEERP）。协议中将网络节点根据功用不同划分在不同级别网格中，二级网格内的节点通过引入选举概率、能量因子和距离因子优化簇的形成，一级网格通过引入距离因子和数据包传送量因子构建网络路由，并根据因子的变化适时选择网络路由。理论分析和仿真结果表明，GEERP具有良好的节能特性，并均衡了网络能耗。提出了一种自适应6LoWPAN路由协议（Adaptive Hierarchical Routing over6LoWPAN，AHiLow）。协议通过设定压缩报头字段确定路由类型。网间路由通过特定压缩字段的指向完成WSN与IPv6网络的路由信息交互。网内路由通过能量阈值、路由转发策略和路由修复策略来保证数据的传输质量以及能量的高效利用。该协议提高了网络的能量利用率，完善了WSN与外部网络的交互能力，提高了网络的抗毁能力。
[Abstract]:With the expansion of human exploration field, information acquisition, storage, transmission and utilization are gradually deepening into all fields of human production and life, and the Internet of things realizes the information interaction between the physical world and the logical world. Wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor Network,WSN), which integrates the functions of information perception and information transmission, is the foundation and important component of the Internet of things, and plays an important role in the construction and operation of the Internet of things. Energy limitation is a bottleneck restricting the development of WSN. Therefore, efficient energy use and management strategy is an important research content of WSN architecture design and protocol design. In this paper, based on the application of Internet of things, the key technologies, such as WSN architecture, energy consumption model, coverage control technology, routing protocol and so on, are studied in combination with national major projects and pre-research projects. And the following research results are obtained: the existing node architecture and network architecture are classified and summarized, combined with cooperative awareness architecture and massive data based architecture, This paper presents a distributed architecture based on cloud computing, including physical architecture and logical architecture. At the same time, the node energy consumption model and the network energy consumption model are studied, and the energy evaluation model is constructed, which provides guidance suggestions for the design of energy-efficient protocol. A differential overlay control algorithm (Efficient Coverage Controlwith Modified PSO,ECCMP) based on different levels of requirements is proposed. The algorithm decomposes the network step by means of subset partitioning based on the network minimum energy consumption model. Nodes at different levels in a subset can dynamically optimize the coverage performance of the network by adopting node state transition strategy and Backoff delay strategy and particle swarm optimization algorithm based on crossover mutation operator. Differential coverage strategy provides technical support for WSN to improve network coverage performance and perceptual performance while ensuring low energy consumption. An energy efficient grid routing protocol (Grid-based Energy Efficient RoutingProtocol,GEERP) is proposed. In the protocol, the network nodes are divided into different levels of grid according to their functions, and the nodes in the secondary grid are optimized by introducing the election probability, energy factor and distance factor. The first level grid constructs the network routing by introducing the distance factor and the data packet transport factor, and selects the network route according to the change of the factor. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that GEERP has good energy saving characteristics and balanced network energy consumption. An adaptive 6LoWPAN routing protocol (Adaptive Hierarchical Routing over6LoWPAN,AHiLow) is proposed. The protocol determines the routing type by setting the compressed header field. The routing information between WSN and IPv6 network is interacted by a specific compressed field. In order to ensure the quality of data transmission and the efficient utilization of energy, intra-network routing uses energy threshold, routing forwarding strategy and routing repair strategy. The protocol improves the energy efficiency of the network, improves the ability of interaction between WSN and the external network, and improves the anti-destruction ability of the network.
【学位授予单位】：北京理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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