螺旋天线及阵列天线的研究与设计

发布时间：2018-08-27 06:31

【摘要】：当下,人类生活的信息时代正在进行着翻天覆地的大变革,无线通信技术日新月异,移动通信4G时代的到来更加推动了无线通信技术的发展。作为无线通信系统中极为重要的部分之一,天线也得到了飞速的发展。过去相当长的一段时间内,传统的简单天线一直发挥着其稳定的作用服务于无线通信系统。但是近年来,由于天线使用平台的特殊要求,传统的简单天线已经不能满足实际的要求,人们对具有宽频带、圆极化、低轮廓特点的天线的需求越来越强烈,因此具有这些特点的阿基米德螺旋天线得到了广泛的应用。本文就对阿基米德螺旋天线进行了细致的研究,主要的工作内容可以概括为以下几个方面:第一,设计了一种工作于UHF频段的双臂阿基米德螺旋天线,和传统的双臂螺旋天线不同,它的馈电结构更为简单,通过一个平行双线向微带线转变的馈电形式代替传统的巴伦馈电,大大降低了馈电的复杂性。仿真表明,天线有较好的匹配以及圆极化特性。第二,设计了一种工作在UHF频段可以实现最大波束由轴向向锥向转变的双臂螺旋天线,对它的双臂进行反相馈电时最大辐射方向在轴向,当进行同相馈电时最大辐射方向在偏离轴线方向的锥向。第三,分析设计了双臂阿基米德螺旋天线后,接着设计了一种工作于S频段的单臂阿基米德螺旋天线,并用它作为单元天线设计了一个24元相控阵,并且通过旋转天线单元来改善交叉极化。仿真结果表明天线有较高的增益和较好的不圆度,基本达到实际应用的要求。第四,为了隔离相控阵天线的接收和发射通道,最后设计了一个工作在S频段的双工器,为了缩小尺寸易于加工,采用微带发夹式双工器,它实现了收发通道的隔离,仿真结果表明插损在0.5dB以下,隔离度接近-40dB。
[Abstract]:At present, the information age of human life is undergoing a great change, wireless communication technology changes with each passing day, the arrival of mobile communication 4G era has further promoted the development of wireless communication technology. As one of the most important parts of wireless communication system, antenna has been developed rapidly. For a long time, traditional simple antennas have been playing a stable role in wireless communication systems. But in recent years, due to the special requirements of the antenna platform, the traditional simple antenna can no longer meet the actual requirements, people have a wide band, circular polarization, low profile antenna demand more and more intense. Therefore, Archimedes spiral antenna with these characteristics has been widely used. In this paper, the Archimedes spiral antenna is studied in detail. The main work can be summarized as follows: first, a dual-arm Archimedes spiral antenna working in the UHF band is designed. Different from the conventional dual-arm spiral antenna, its feed structure is simpler. The complexity of the feed is greatly reduced by replacing the traditional Barron feed with a parallel double wire to microstrip line. Simulation results show that the antenna has good matching and circular polarization characteristics. Secondly, a dual-arm spiral antenna working in UHF band can realize the maximum beam changing from axial to cone. The maximum radiation direction is axial when its arms are fed inversely. When the in-phase feed is carried out, the maximum radiation direction is in the cone direction deviating from the axis. Thirdly, after analyzing and designing the double arm Archimedes spiral antenna, a single arm Archimedes spiral antenna working in S band is designed and used as a unit antenna to design a 24 element phased array. And the cross polarization is improved by rotating the antenna unit. The simulation results show that the antenna has higher gain and better non-roundness, which basically meets the requirements of practical application. Fourthly, in order to isolate the receiving and transmitting channels of phased array antenna, a duplex working in S band is designed. In order to reduce the size of the antenna, a microstrip hairpin duplex is used to isolate the transceiver channel. The simulation results show that the insertion loss is below 0.5dB and the isolation is close to -40 dB.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN820

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