高频率比双频微带天线技术研究

发布时间：2018-08-28 07:11

【摘要】：微带天线因其具有低剖面、重量轻、结构紧凑、易加工、便于与微波电路集成等优点,在通信领域得到了广泛的应用。然而,随着移动通信用户规模的不断扩大,现有的频谱资源变得十分紧张。为了拓展信道容量,对可以工作在双频或多频段的微带天线出现了紧迫的需求。特别是应用于无线局域网或卫星通信等场合时,双频天线的两个工作频段的频率比一般均较高,往往超出了普通双频微带天线的方向图带宽范畴。因此,高频率比双频微带天线的研究具有十分重要的工程意义。本文针对无线局域网的802.11b/g/n/a标准所覆盖的2.4GHz频段和5GHz频段,提出了两种具有高频率比并且具备无畸变方向图的双频微带天线设计方案,并进行了相关的实验验证。论文的主要内容包括以下几个部分:首先,本文明确了课题的研究目的和意义,回顾了微带天线的基本原理和分析方法,后详细论述了微带天线的双频、宽带以及小型化的经典手段。其次,提出并设计了一种采用同轴探针馈电,结构简单、易于加工的大频率比双频单极化微带天线,并进行了加工测试,分析验证了其各项性能,实验结果表明该天线在频率比高达2.4:1的双频频带内方向图稳定,且天线性能指标良好。第三,利用双频共口径的技术手段设计了一款高频率比的双端口、双频微带天线单元,通过缝隙微扰的方式极大程度的消除了双频单元之间的互耦干扰,改善了方向图的畸变,数值仿真结果表明该天线在两个频段内的辐射效率均在70%以上,且天线性能良好。
[Abstract]:Microstrip antenna has been widely used in the field of communication because of its advantages of low profile, light weight, compact structure, easy processing and easy integration with microwave circuits. However, with the continuous expansion of mobile communication users, the existing spectrum resources become very tight. In order to expand the channel capacity, there is an urgent need for microstrip antennas which can work in dual-frequency or multi-frequency bands. Especially when it is used in wireless local area network (WLAN) or satellite communication, the frequency ratio of two working frequency bands of dual-frequency antenna is higher than that of conventional dual-frequency microstrip antenna. Therefore, the study of high frequency ratio dual-frequency microstrip antenna has very important engineering significance. In this paper, for the 2.4GHz band and 5GHz band covered by 802.11b/g/n/a standard of WLAN, two design schemes of dual-frequency microstrip antenna with high frequency ratio and no distortion pattern are proposed and verified by experiments. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the purpose and significance of the research are clarified, the basic principle and analysis method of microstrip antenna are reviewed, and the dual frequency of microstrip antenna is discussed in detail. Broadband and miniaturization of the classic means. Secondly, a large frequency ratio dual-frequency single-polarization microstrip antenna fed by coaxial probe is proposed and designed, which is simple in structure and easy to be machined. The processing tests are carried out, and the performances of the antenna are analyzed and verified. The experimental results show that the antenna is stable in the dual-frequency band with a frequency ratio of up to 2.4: 1, and the antenna performance is good. Thirdly, a dual-port dual-frequency microstrip antenna unit with high frequency ratio is designed by means of dual-frequency common aperture technique. By means of slot perturbation, the mutual coupling interference between the dual-frequency elements is greatly eliminated, and the distortion of the pattern is improved. The numerical simulation results show that the radiation efficiency of the antenna is more than 70% in the two frequency bands, and the antenna has good performance.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN822

【参考文献】