环形振荡器物理不可克隆函数的比较策略及可重构研究

发布时间：2018-09-05 19:09

【摘要】：随着社会信息化发展的进一步深入,信息安全问题越来越受到人们的重视。物理不可克隆函数(Physical Unclonable Function,PUF)作为一种新型的加密组件日渐受到研究者们的关注。PUF的原理是通过提取集成电路在制造过程中由于制造工艺的不一致性而引入的随机差异,来实现加密信息(响应)的生成。由于PUF具有不可克隆性,不可预测性等特点,它在设备授权/认证、IP核保护、密钥生成等信息安全领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文先从PUF的实现原理,分类、性质、结构等方面入手,对PUF的概念作了系统的梳理。文章接下来的内容围绕着经典的PUF结构——环形振荡器(Ring Oscillator,RO)展开。文中首先分析了支持激励响应对(Challenge/Response Pairs,CRPs)和不支持CRPs两种类型RO PUF系统的区别和系统中各个模块的功能和设计。另外,为了保证RO PUF具有良好的PUF特性,RO阵列中每个RO需要具备相同的结构和相近的物理位置,本文中采用了Xilinx FPGA工具中提供的Hard Macro技术并通过添加约束的方法来实现。其次,通过对193块FPGA中RO振荡频率的统计分析,在RO阵列中发现和总结了三种RO频率分布特点。根据这三个特点本文提出了三种新的RO比较策略,并通过从响应信息熵密度这一角度对五种不同的比较策略进行了定量评估,结果显示新提出的对称比较策略拥有最好的响应质量。同时也说明了RO频率分布特点对RO PUF的RO比较策略设计以及安全性改善具有重要的指导意义。最后,本文提出了一种新型PUF结构——可重构RO(Reconfigurable RO,RRO)PUF,一种以改善RO PUF硬件使用效率和响应唯一性为目的的PUF结构。文中论述了RRO PUF的基本结构、工作原理、系统设计、硬件资源消耗分析等内容,并根据RRO PUF的原理,设计了一种新的响应提取策略——RRO比较策略。此外,文中还分析了RRO在Xilinx Spartan-6FPGA中实现后的电路结构特点以及在FPGA中实现的过程中需要的作出的调整优化。根据实验结果显示:相比于RO PUF,RRO PUF不仅具有更高硬件使用效率,而且其响应的唯一性和随机性也更好。
[Abstract]:With the further development of information technology, people pay more and more attention to the problem of information security. As a new encryption component, physical non-clone function (Physical Unclonable Function,PUF) is paid more and more attention to by researchers. The principle of PUF is to extract the random differences caused by the inconsistency of manufacturing process in integrated circuits. To realize the generation of encryption information (response). Because PUF has the characteristics of non-cloning and unpredictability, it has a broad application prospect in the field of information security such as IP core protection and key generation of device authorization / authentication. This paper begins with the realization principle, classification, property and structure of PUF, and systematically combs the concept of PUF. The next part of the paper revolves around the classical PUF structure-ring oscillator (Ring Oscillator,RO). In this paper, the differences between two types of RO PUF systems (Challenge/Response Pairs,CRPs and CRPs) and the function and design of each module in the system are analyzed. In addition, in order to ensure that RO PUF has good PUF characteristics each RO in RO array needs the same structure and similar physical position. In this paper, the Hard Macro technology provided by Xilinx FPGA tools is adopted and implemented by adding constraints. Secondly, through the statistical analysis of the RO oscillation frequency in 193 FPGA blocks, three kinds of RO frequency distribution characteristics are found and summarized in the RO array. According to these three characteristics, three new RO comparison strategies are proposed, and five different comparison strategies are quantitatively evaluated from the point of view of the entropy density of response information. The results show that the new symmetric comparison strategy has the best response quality. It also shows that the characteristics of RO frequency distribution have important guiding significance for RO comparison strategy design and security improvement of RO PUF. Finally, a new PUF architecture, reconfigurable RO (Reconfigurable RO,RRO) PUF, is proposed in this paper, which is designed to improve the efficiency of RO PUF hardware and the uniqueness of its response. In this paper, the basic structure, working principle, system design and hardware resource consumption analysis of RRO PUF are discussed. According to the principle of RRO PUF, a new strategy of response extraction is designed. In addition, this paper also analyzes the circuit structure characteristics of RRO in Xilinx Spartan-6FPGA and the adjustment and optimization needed in the process of realization in FPGA. The experimental results show that compared with RO PUF,RRO PUF, it not only has higher hardware efficiency, but also has better response uniqueness and randomness.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN918.4;TN752

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