面向智慧城市的行动不便人群智能感知与传输系统实现

发布时间：2018-09-09 08:42

【摘要】：随着智慧城市的建设，物联网技术不断地被应用到社会的方方面面，如智慧社区、智慧公交、智慧安防等，科技正逐渐融入人们的日常生活，为居民带来了便利与舒适，，关爱残疾人、老年人更是中华民族的传统美德。随着我国人口的老龄化，包括残疾人在内的行动不便人群数量日益增多，如何更好地关爱照顾他们便成为了一个亟待解决的问题，在智慧城市这样一个大背景下，为研究者们提供了前所未有的广阔思路。轮椅作为行动不便人群的代步工具，在其生活中扮演着重要角色，甚至可以说已经是其身体的一部分。本文针对在使用轮椅的行动不便人群照顾中所暴露出来的典型异常状态监测问题，围绕轮椅设计了一套的实时智能感知与传输系统，将远程健康监护巧妙地与轮椅相结合，使其成为一个移动的监护平台。本论文从物联网技术应用的三层网络架构入手，对感知层和传输层展开了研究和开发。在感知层方面利用模块化的思想，设计了坐姿、轮椅翻倒、心率三个感知模块，进行了硬件电路的设计、传感器的选型以及功能实现。长期处于不正常的坐姿不仅对残疾人、老年人等行动不便人群的身体健康有一定的负面影响，也常常会导致他们从轮椅上跌落，文中利用压力传感器来感知人坐着时候的压力分布，进而推测出上半身的倾斜方向以及倾斜程度，实现了七种坐姿的识别，对跌倒的发生起到了预防与报警的作用。在轮椅翻倒感知模块设计时为了提高判断的准确性与及时性，提出了基于阈值判断的加速度信号矢量幅度SMV和倾斜角双效翻倒检测算法，并通过大量实验确定了阈值。通过对红外脉搏传感器信号进行模拟与数字两级滤波处理后，采用基于极值的方法实现了脉搏周期的有效计算进而推测出心率。在传输层方面，首先通过对比几种常见的短距离无线通信方式，选择了基于蓝牙4.0协议的传输模块，为了实现数据的汇聚以及上传，设计了以Arduino DUE为主板的中心节点，同时在中心节点上也实现了对GPS模块数据的解析来及时更新轮椅的位置信息，通过Android系统下蓝牙通信程序的开发以及调用云平台的Webservice，成功将感知数据上传至健康关爱服务平台。该系统为智慧城市建设中物联网技术的工程应用起到了示范作用，提高了应对残疾人、老年人等行动不便人群医疗和突发事件的急救水平，改善了该人群的生活质量。
[Abstract]:With the construction of intelligent city, Internet of things technology has been applied to all aspects of society, such as intelligent community, intelligent public transportation, intelligent security and so on. Science and technology is gradually integrating into people's daily life, bringing convenience and comfort to residents. Care for the disabled, the elderly is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. With the aging of the population in our country, the number of people with mobility disabilities, including the disabled, is increasing day by day. How to better care for them has become a problem to be solved urgently. In such a big context of the City of Wisdom, For researchers to provide unprecedented broad ideas. Wheelchair, as a mobility tool, plays an important role in its life, and even is a part of its body. In this paper, aiming at the typical abnormal state monitoring problem exposed in the care of people with mobility disability in wheelchairs, a set of real time intelligent sensing and transmission system is designed around the wheelchair, which combines remote health monitoring with wheelchairs skillfully. Make it a mobile monitoring platform. Based on the three-layer network architecture of Internet of things application, this paper researches and develops the perceptual layer and transport layer. In the sensing layer, three sensing modules are designed, including sitting posture, wheelchair overturning and heart rate. The hardware circuit is designed, the sensor is selected and the function is realized. Sitting in an abnormal posture for a long time not only has a certain negative impact on the health of the disabled, the elderly and other people with mobility disabilities, but also often leads them to fall off their wheelchairs. In this paper, pressure sensor is used to perceive the pressure distribution while sitting, and then the tilt direction and degree of the upper body are inferred, which realizes the recognition of seven sitting positions and plays a preventive and alarming role in the occurrence of falls. In order to improve the accuracy and timeliness of judgment in the design of wheelchair flip sensing module, an acceleration signal vector amplitude detection algorithm based on threshold judgment (SMV) and a double-effect tipping detection algorithm with tilt angle are proposed, and the threshold is determined by a large number of experiments. After the signal of infrared pulse sensor is processed by two stages of analog and digital filtering, the pulse cycle can be calculated effectively and the heart rate can be inferred by using the method of extreme value. In the transport layer, firstly, by comparing several common short-range wireless communication modes, the transmission module based on Bluetooth 4.0 protocol is selected. In order to achieve data aggregation and upload, a central node based on Arduino DUE is designed. At the same time, the data analysis of GPS module is implemented on the central node to update the wheelchair location information in time. Through the development of Bluetooth communication program under Android system and the Webservice, calling cloud platform, the perceptual data is uploaded to the health care service platform successfully. The system has played an exemplary role in the engineering application of the Internet of things technology in the construction of intelligent city, improved the level of medical treatment and emergency treatment for the disabled and the elderly, and improved the quality of life of this group.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP391.44;TN929.5

【参考文献】