高速伪随机码调制激光测距雷达电子学系统设计

发布时间：2018-09-13 08:54

【摘要】：随着激光技术、嵌入式技术和集成光学的发展,激光测距正朝着数字化、自动化、低成本、小型化的方向发展。激光测距具有测量精确度高、测量速度快、抗干扰能力强、体积小、重量轻和安装调整方便等一系列优点,可用于测量长度、距离、速度、时间等,其测量精度比一般仪器精度高1至2个数量级,其应用范围也越来越广,是目前高精度测距最理想的方式之一。针对采用光子计数的高速伪随机码调制激光测距,开发了基于高性能FPGA的电子学系统。该系统将伪随机码调制信号发送、光子数据接收、累加运算、互相关运算、距离信息提取、编码器脉冲计数、波形数据输出及网络通信等功能集成在单个Altera公司的Stratix IV系列FPGA芯片中。目前1550nm的激光器技术已非常成熟,其激光脉冲重复频率可达10KHz。为适应激光器技术的发展,本设计中伪随机码发送和光子数据接收模块的重复频率达到10KHz,伪随机码调制速率和光子数据采样频率达到1GHz。接收的码元经过10次累加和阈值比较后,利用1024个并行的同或逻辑实现互相关运算。互相关运算和距离信息提取的重复频率为1KHz。实验室及整机现场测试结果表明,系统达到了设计要求。论文主要包括五个部分：选题背景及意义、系统硬件设计、系统软件设计和系统测试。论文的第一部分首先对激光测距技术进行了介绍,同时介绍了伪随机码调制激光测距的原理并分析了选题的意义。论文的第二部分主要介绍了伪随机码调制激光测距雷达电子学系统的硬件设计,主要介绍了各功能模块之间的接口设计,根据伪随机码调制激光测距雷达功能需求及性能要求,确定了系统的硬件设计方案,简单介绍了系统硬件主要芯片的选型,并对各模块的硬件电路的设计进行了介绍。论文的第三部分论述了FPGA逻辑设计和Nios II系统设计,是论文的关键部分,FPGA的逻辑设计主要完成伪随机码调制激光测距雷达的数据采集及运算处理,是设计的难点。论文的第四部分论述了系统的测试,包括实验室测试和整机现场测试,并对测试数据进行了分析。最后,论文的第五部分对论文的成果进行了总结,并指出了论文的不足之处。
[Abstract]:With the development of laser technology, embedded technology and integrated optics, laser ranging is developing towards digitalization, automation, low cost and miniaturization. Laser ranging has a series of advantages, such as high measurement accuracy, fast measuring speed, strong anti-interference ability, small volume, light weight and convenient installation and adjustment. It can be used to measure length, distance, speed, time, etc. Its measuring accuracy is 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of general instruments, and its range of application is more and more extensive, so it is one of the most ideal methods of high precision ranging at present. An electronic system based on high performance FPGA is developed for high speed pseudorandom code modulation laser ranging based on photon counting. In this system, pseudorandom code modulation signals are transmitted, photonic data received, cumulative operations, cross-correlation operations, distance information extracted, encoder pulse counting, Waveform data output and network communication are integrated into Stratix IV series FPGA chips of a single Altera company. At present, the laser technology of 1550nm is very mature, and the repetition rate of laser pulse can reach 10 kHz. In order to adapt to the development of laser technology, the repetition rate of pseudorandom code transmission and photonic data receiving module is up to 10kHz, the modulation rate of pseudorandom code and the sampling frequency of photonic data are up to 1GHz. After 10 accumulations and threshold comparisons, the received symbols are cross-correlated by 1024 parallel identical or logic. The repetition rate of cross-correlation operation and distance information extraction is 1kHz. The field test results of the laboratory and the whole machine show that the system meets the design requirements. The thesis mainly includes five parts: background and significance, system hardware design, system software design and system test. In the first part of the thesis, the laser ranging technology is introduced, and the principle of pseudorandom code modulation laser ranging is introduced and the significance of the topic is analyzed. The second part of the thesis mainly introduces the hardware design of the pseudorandom code modulated laser ranging radar electronic system, mainly introduces the interface design of each function module, according to the function requirement and performance requirement of pseudorandom code modulated laser ranging radar. The hardware design scheme of the system is determined, the selection of the main chips of the system hardware is briefly introduced, and the design of the hardware circuit of each module is introduced. The third part of this paper discusses the design of FPGA logic and Nios II system, which is the key part of this paper. It mainly completes the data acquisition and processing of pseudorandom code modulated laser ranging radar, which is the difficulty of the design. The fourth part of the paper discusses the system test, including the laboratory test and the whole machine field test, and analyzes the test data. Finally, the fifth part of the paper summarizes the results of the paper and points out the shortcomings of the paper.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN958.98

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