LTE基站天线与低剖面圆极化天线研究

发布时间：2018-09-17 08:58

【摘要】：随着通信技术的高速发展,人们日益增长的需求对通信系统的要求也越来越高。天线作为通信系统中至关重要的组成部分,其性能的优劣将会对整个通信系统的性能产生影响。基站天线一般采用偶极子天线作为基本单元,而偶极子天线一般需要离地面四分之一波长。微带天线因为其低剖面、低成本等很多独特的优点而受到越来越多的关注。圆极化天线有着可以有效减小多径干扰、在发射与接收天线之间没有严格的方向性等很多优点,因此广泛应用于移动通信、全球定位系统GPS、无线局域网WLAN、卫星通信等众多领域中。论文主要对新型巴伦结构、低轮廓LTE基站天线和低剖面圆极化天线进行了研究。作者的主要研究工作概括为:1、对宽带功分器及其应用进行了研究。首先设计了单节和多节宽带同相功分器;其次设计了一种新型宽带反相功分器,并且在此基础上作了两种不同的改进,主要改进了输入端口的回波损耗、插入损耗以及传输相位,仿真结果显示这两种方案取得了良好的效果;最后设计了带巴伦结构的偶极子,制作了天线样机并且进行了测量,测试结果显示该偶极子具有良好的电特性和辐射特性。2、对双频、低剖面以及高隔离基站天线单元及阵列进行了研究。首先设计了四点馈电的单层和双层微带天线单元,其中,使用四点馈电可以有效地提高该双极化天线两个输出端口之间的隔离,确定了使用双层微带天线作为基站天线的基本单元;其次设计了2×1和4×1的基站天线阵列,并且讨论了阵元之间的间距对天线性能的影响;最后制作了4×1阵列天线样机,并且进行了测试,测试结果显示该天线具有较好的电特性以及辐射特性。3、对低剖面圆极化天线进行了研究。首先设计了线极化磁偶极子天线,并且研究了各参数对其性能的影响;其次在此基础上设计了具有低剖面、可嵌入等优点的低剖面圆极化GPS天线,制作了天线样机并且进行了测量,测试结果与仿真结果相吻合;最后验证了该天线可以嵌入飞行器中,将天线嵌入到飞行器中,利用仿真软件HFSS进行建模仿真,结果显示飞行器对天线的影响很小。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of communication technology, the increasing demand for communication systems is becoming more and more important. Antenna is an important part of communication system, and its performance will affect the performance of the whole communication system. The base station antenna usually uses the dipole antenna as the basic unit, and the dipole antenna usually needs 1/4 wavelength off the ground. Microstrip antennas have attracted more and more attention because of their unique advantages such as low profile, low cost and so on. Circular polarization antenna has many advantages, such as reducing multipath interference effectively and not having strict directivity between transmitting and receiving antenna, so it is widely used in mobile communication. Global Positioning system (GPS,) wireless LAN WLAN, satellite communication and many other fields. In this paper, a novel Barron structure, a low profile LTE base station antenna and a low profile circular polarization antenna are studied. The author's main research work is summarized as: 1. The broadband power divider and its application are studied. First, a single-section and multi-section wideband in-phase splitter is designed, and then a new broadband inverse-phase splitter is designed, and on this basis, two different improvements are made, which mainly improve the return loss of the input port. The simulation results show that the two schemes have achieved good results. Finally, a dipole with Barron structure is designed, an antenna prototype is made and measured. The test results show that the dipole has good electrical and radiation characteristics. The antenna elements and arrays of dual-frequency, low-profile and high-isolation base stations are studied. Firstly, a four-point fed single-layer and double-layer microstrip antenna elements are designed, in which the isolation between the two output ports of the dual-polarization antenna can be effectively improved by using the four-point feed. The base station antenna array of 2 脳 1 and 4 脳 1 is designed, and the effect of the spacing between the elements on the antenna performance is discussed. Finally, a prototype of 4 脳 1 array antenna is made. The test results show that the antenna has good electrical and radiation characteristics. The low profile circularly polarized antenna is studied. Firstly, the linear polarization magnetic dipole antenna is designed, and the influence of various parameters on its performance is studied. Secondly, a low profile circular polarization GPS antenna with low profile and embeddable characteristics is designed. The antenna prototype is made and measured, and the test results are in agreement with the simulation results. Finally, it is verified that the antenna can be embedded into the aircraft, and the antenna can be embedded into the aircraft. The simulation software HFSS is used to model and simulate the antenna. The results show that the aircraft has little effect on the antenna.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN821.1

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