基于物联网网关选择优化算法的研究

发布时间：2018-09-17 17:49

【摘要】：物联网是人们以互联网的原型为基础所提出的一种新型的网络概念，它能够实现系统的用户一端可以在任何物品之间进行关联通信和信息数据的最终交换。近年来，随着物联网技术的不断进步，物联网覆盖范围变得非常广泛，并且构成物联网不同种类的网络数量也在不断增加。物联网网关作为数据传输与转换的桥梁，其种类和数量也开始由传统网络中的单种类网关逐步向接入不同子网的多种类物联网网关的方向发展。网关的性能直接影响了物联网的性能，因此，对物联网网关的选择优化具有理论和实用价值。本文采用了一种新的方式对物联网网关的选择算法进行优化，即将物联网中接入不同子网的多类网关作为一个整体去优化，这种优化方式比现有大部分文献中单纯优化接入单种类型子网的某种互联网网关的局部优化方式会取得更好的优化效果。因为单纯优化负责接入某种子网的某个互联网网关只能解决局部网关中的问题，而不能从全局角度分析解决问题，所以本文将从全局整体角度去设计与实现物联网网关的选择优化。首先，针对物联网中网络结构和应用需求的动态变化特性，提出了一种从物联网感知层中优化选择节点，使其成为接入物联网网关的算法。这种算法用改进的粒子群搜索选择算法，在计算过程中将物联网网络带宽、节点剩余能量、节点空间分布等因素作为考虑对象，从而保证了选择出的网关能够满足物联网的动态特性，并改善了物联网的地理空间分布不均衡特性。其次，针对物联网网关中出现的网络拥塞问题，提出了一种多网关负载均衡策略。当选择多个网关为源节点提供接入物联网服务时，根据网络不同链路和不同网关的实际情况将负载合理地分配到不同网关中，从而实现不同网关之间的负载均衡，避免网关拥塞现象的出现。最后，通过NS2网络模拟软件对算法进行仿真，，并且从物联网网关传输数据的实时性、可靠性、通信成本以及能耗四个方面对本论文所设计的算法进行详细的评价。实验结果表明上述4个指标均比现有方法有不同程度的改善和提高。
[Abstract]:The Internet of things (IoT) is a new network concept based on the prototype of the Internet. It can realize the final communication and the final exchange of information and data between the users of the system. In recent years, with the continuous progress of the Internet of things technology, the Internet of things coverage has become very wide, and the number of different types of Internet of things network is also increasing. As a bridge of data transmission and conversion, the type and number of Internet of things gateways begin to develop from single type gateways in traditional networks to multi-type Internet of things gateways connected to different subnets. The performance of the gateway directly affects the performance of the Internet of things, so it is of theoretical and practical value to select and optimize the gateway of the Internet of things. In this paper, we adopt a new way to optimize the selection algorithm of Internet of things gateway, that is to say, many kinds of gateway connected to different subnets in the Internet of things are optimized as a whole. This optimization method is more effective than the local optimization method of a single type of Internet gateway in most of the existing literatures, which simply optimizes the access to a single type of subnet. Because simply optimizing an Internet gateway that is responsible for accessing a certain subnet can only solve the problems in the local gateway, but not analyze and solve the problem from a global perspective. Therefore, this paper will design and implement the selection and optimization of Internet of things gateway from the global perspective. Firstly, in view of the dynamic characteristics of the network structure and application requirements in the Internet of things, an algorithm is proposed to optimize the selection of nodes from the perception layer of the Internet of things and make it an access gateway to the Internet of things. In this algorithm, the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to calculate the network bandwidth, the residual energy of nodes, the spatial distribution of nodes, and so on. This ensures that the selected gateway can satisfy the dynamic characteristics of the Internet of things and improve the geographical spatial distribution imbalance of the Internet of things. Secondly, a multi-gateway load balancing strategy is proposed to solve the problem of network congestion in Internet of things gateway. When multiple gateways are selected to provide access to the Internet of things for the source nodes, the load is reasonably distributed among different gateways according to the actual conditions of different links and gateways of the network, so as to achieve load balancing among different gateways. Avoid the appearance of gateway congestion. Finally, the algorithm is simulated by NS2 network simulation software, and the algorithm is evaluated in detail from four aspects: real-time, reliability, communication cost and energy consumption. The experimental results show that the above four indexes are improved and improved to some extent compared with the existing methods.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP391.44;TN929.5

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