无线传感器网络中多径路由协议的研究

发布时间：2018-09-19 07:24

【摘要】：无线传感器网络是由大量能量和计算能力受限的传感器节点组成的。由于传感器节点的通信范围有限并且在网络中分布的密度比较大,无线传感器网络中数据包的转发要经过多跳传输,因此,路由协议一直是无线传感器网络重要的研究领域之一。现今,多径路由协议也被广泛的应用在无线传感器网络中,它通过有效利用无线传感器网络的资源来提高网络的性能,有实用价值。本文在研究单径路由协议GPSR的基础上设计了一种基于地理位置的能量有效多径路由协议GEMR。首先,对GPSR协议进行详细的描述和分析,然后针对GPSR协议的不足提出了GEMR协议,该协议改进了GPSR协议只根据距离建立路径的缺点,综合考虑剩余能量和距离两个因素建立主路径和多条替换路径,根据实际的应用环境灵活的选择替换路径数目。最后,在对拥塞控制机制进行详细的描述和分析的基础上,为GEMR协议设计了一种多径缓冲拥塞控制机制MBCC,该机制使用双缓冲阈值判断和检测拥塞,并采取降低端系统发送速率和将流量转到替换路径两种方法控制拥塞。该机制能很好的检测和控制GEMR协议的拥塞。多径GEMR协议和k-MGPSR协议.GPSR协议的Matlab仿真对比分析结果表明:GEMR协议较k-MGPSR协议可以有效节约能耗,使网络能量负载均衡并且可以延长网络的生存时间；GEMR协议较单径GPSR协议能够提高数据传输的可靠性,同时也能延长网络生存时间,使网络能量负载均衡。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor networks are composed of sensor nodes with limited energy and computing power. Because the communication range of sensor nodes is limited and the density of distribution in the network is relatively large, the forwarding of data packets in wireless sensor networks has to be transmitted through multiple hops, so, Routing protocol is one of the most important research fields in wireless sensor networks. Nowadays, multipath routing protocol is also widely used in wireless sensor networks. It can improve the performance of wireless sensor networks by effectively utilizing the resources of wireless sensor networks. Based on the study of single path routing protocol (GPSR), an energy efficient multipath routing protocol (GEMR.) based on geographical location is designed in this paper. Firstly, the GPSR protocol is described and analyzed in detail, and then the GEMR protocol is proposed to overcome the shortcomings of the GPSR protocol. This protocol improves the disadvantage of the GPSR protocol that only builds the path according to the distance. Considering two factors of residual energy and distance, the main path and multiple alternative paths are established, and the number of alternative paths is flexibly selected according to the actual application environment. Finally, based on the detailed description and analysis of congestion control mechanism, a multi-path buffer congestion control mechanism, MBCC, is designed for GEMR protocol. The mechanism uses double buffer threshold to judge and detect congestion. Two methods are adopted to control congestion, which are to reduce the transmission rate of the end system and to transfer the traffic to the replacement path. This mechanism can detect and control the congestion of GEMR protocol well. The Matlab simulation results of multipath GEMR protocol and k-MGPSR protocol. GPSSR protocol show that compared with k-MGPSR protocol, the Matlab / GEMR protocol can save energy consumption effectively, balance the network energy load and prolong the lifetime of the network. Compared with single path GPSR protocol, GEMR protocol can improve the reliability of data transmission, prolong the network lifetime and balance the network energy load.
【学位授予单位】：南京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9

【相似文献】