基于互惠的机会网络合作机制研究

发布时间：2018-10-12 12:31

【摘要】：机会网络依靠节点移动带来的相遇机会进行通信,这就需要网络中的中间节点进行合作转发才能保证消息成功送达到目的节点,因此,节点的合作程度对机会网络的性能具有非常重要的影响。当前对于机会网络研究的一个默认假设是:网络中的所有节点都是合作节点,自愿且无条件的对其他节点的消息进行转发。然而,在现实应用场景中,节点的缓存、电量等资源有限,并且可能具有偏好性等社会属性,所以网络中部分节点会表现出自私性而不进行消息的合作转发,这样将使得消息的成功传送率降低,网络传输延迟变大,进而造成网络性能大大降低。因此,如何促进网络中节点合作是机会网络中一个迫切需要解决的问题。本文首先简要介绍机会网络的基本原理,以及当前的研究进展和面临的挑战,并详细分析已有的激励自私节点合作策略的优缺点。然后针对机会网络中真实应用场景中节点所具有的社会属性,研究节点的行为特性,分析节点不合作的原因,并结合行为经济学中利他惩罚理论的相关研究内容,提出一种基于利他惩罚的机会网络合作机制(简称为AP机制),AP机制通过利他惩罚节点对网络中自私节点不合作行为的惩罚作用,能够有效的抑制节点的自私行为,提高节点的合作概率,使得网络整体合作程度保持在一个较高的水平。为了验证AP机制的有效性,本文使用ONE平台进行了仿真实验,实验结果表明:AP机制在单副本路由和多副本路由模式下均能有效提高消息的成功交付率,特别是在单副本路由模式下,消息交付率提高的更为显著,基本达到网络中所有节点均为合作节点时候的水平。AP机制还能够在一定程度上减小节点的能量损耗,相比于网络中所有节点均为合作节点的机制,AP机制中节点的平均相对剩余能量要明显高于该机制。本文最后从奖励节点参与网络合作的角度,提出一种基于利他奖励的机会网络合作机制(简称AR机制)。AR机制通过给予积极参与网络服务的节点一定量的奖励得分,提高节点的优先级排名,进而提高节点所携带消息在网络中被转发的优先程度。为了验证AR在机制激励节点合作方面的有效性,本文进行了仿真实验并与Direct Delivery、PROPHET和TFT三种经典方案进行网络性能对比,结果表明,相比于其他三种方案,我们提出的AR机制在保证较高消息交付率的前提下,能够有效减小节点的能量消耗,并降低网络开销。
[Abstract]:The opportunity network relies on the encounter opportunity brought by the node movement for communication, which requires the cooperation and forwarding of the intermediate nodes in the network in order to ensure the successful delivery of the message to the destination node. The degree of cooperation of nodes has a very important impact on the performance of opportunistic networks. One of the default assumptions in the current research of opportunistic networks is that all nodes in the network are cooperative nodes and forward messages from other nodes voluntarily and unconditionally. However, in the real-world application scenario, some nodes have limited resources such as cache and power, and may have social attributes such as preference, so some nodes in the network will show selfishness and do not cooperate in message forwarding. In this way, the successful transmission rate of messages and the delay of network transmission will be reduced, and the network performance will be greatly reduced. Therefore, how to promote the node cooperation in the network is an urgent problem to be solved in the opportunity network. Firstly, this paper briefly introduces the basic principle of opportunistic network, the current research progress and challenges, and analyzes in detail the advantages and disadvantages of the existing strategies of encouraging selfish node cooperation. Then aiming at the social attributes of nodes in the real application scenario of opportunistic networks, this paper studies the behavior characteristics of nodes, analyzes the causes of node non-cooperation, and combines the relevant research contents of altruistic punishment theory in behavioral economics. An opportunistic network cooperation mechanism based on altruistic punishment (AP mechanism for short), AP mechanism) is proposed. The altruistic punishment node can effectively suppress the selfish behavior of the node by punishing the selfish node for the uncooperative behavior in the network. To improve the cooperation probability of the nodes, the overall cooperation degree of the network is kept at a higher level. In order to verify the effectiveness of the AP mechanism, this paper uses the ONE platform to carry out simulation experiments. The experimental results show that the AP mechanism can effectively improve the message delivery rate in both single-copy routing and multi-replica routing mode. Especially in the single-copy routing mode, the message delivery rate increases more significantly, basically reaching the level when all nodes in the network are cooperative nodes. The AP mechanism can also reduce the energy loss of the nodes to a certain extent. Compared with the mechanism that all nodes in the network are cooperative nodes, the average relative residual energy of nodes in the AP mechanism is significantly higher than that of the mechanism. Finally, from the point of view of reward node participating in network cooperation, this paper proposes an altruistic reward based opportunity network cooperation mechanism (AR mechanism). AR mechanism) by giving a certain amount of reward score to the node actively participating in the network service. Improve the priority ranking of nodes, and then improve the priority of forwarding messages carried by nodes in the network. In order to verify the effectiveness of AR in the mechanism incentive node cooperation, simulation experiments are carried out and compared with the three classical schemes of Direct Delivery,PROPHET and TFT. The results show that, compared with the other three schemes, The proposed AR mechanism can effectively reduce the energy consumption of nodes and reduce the network overhead on the premise of high message delivery rate.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN929.5

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